The cause of the dural tear, either traumatic or congenital could not be confirmed in the four cases. Symptoms probably occur when herniation fills the orifice and strangulation happens which explains the late appearance and progressive evolution of this myelopathy. Mobilisation of the herniated spinal cord back into the intradural space can be achieved by surgery and may stop the evolution of the symptoms and signs.

The reduction of wafer thickness requires an improved quality control of the wafer strength, which is significantly influenced by cracks. We introduce a machine learning framework to establish photoluminescence (PL) imaging as an optical inspection technique for the detection of cracks in multi-crystalline silicon wafers. The specially derived algorithm enables reliable crack detection in spite of similar background structures in the PL image from grain boundaries and dislocations. Within an experiment on thin wafers with artificially induced cracks we evaluate our approach by comparing the PL detection results to the findings of an infrared-transmission system and fractographical reference data. Based on the optical detection result, we derive a description of the crack structure. Since wafer strength may change after etching and thermal processes, wafer strength is analyzed during cell production and correlated to the optical detection results

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Technological advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in terms of field strength and hybrid MR systems have led to improvements in tumor imaging in terms of anatomy and functionality. This review paper discusses the applications of such advances in the field of radiation oncology with regards to treatment planning, therapy guidance and monitoring tumor response and predicting outcome.