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13Organizational culture is defined by dimensions and characteristics that can be used to 14 measure food safety culture in food manufacturing through a food safety maturity model. 15Maturity models from quality, health care, and information technology have been used since 16 early 1970 and this work presents a novel food safety culture maturity model with five capability 17 areas and food safety pinpointed behaviours specific to functions and levels in a food 18

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Purpose:Background: Food businesses provide halal food to cater to the dietary requirements of Muslims, especially in communities with a growing number of the ethnic minority and at public institutions such as higher education establishments. A large and growing body of literature has investigated the purchasing and consumption behaviour of halal food there are also studies that revealed consumers do not support halal food products on the grounds of animal welfare where animals were slaughtered without stunning. Purpose: Thus the aim of this study was to examine the predictors of purchasing intention of halal food products and perceptions of animal welfare among Muslims and non-Muslim consumers of a public higher education institution. Methodology: An online questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic profiles and importance of halal food. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency of distribution of all sociodemographic characteristics. Multiple regression analyses were used to describe the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) relationship and purchasing intention. Findings: The regression model for all the respondents explained about 73% of the variance of the intent to purchase halal foods where R 2 = 0.724, (Adjusted R 2 = 0.72). This was significantly different from zero F(3, 185) = 162.130, p < 0.001. Both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers' attitudes were significant predictors of their purchasing intention of halal foods (β = 0.87, p < 0.001). The implications of subjective norms and perceived behavioural control and the lack of influence from these predictors are discussed. Originality: This study revealed that both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers agreed on the importance of animal welfare, but there exist differences in perceptions of animal welfare in halal meat production. This research is of value to those working in the regulatory and food service settings in understanding the differences and needs of consumers and it contributes to a better understanding of the customers within a university setting.

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PurposeAssessment of HACCP systems is a key element in assuring the effective management of food safety. However, there is no accepted approach or common methodology available to HACCP practitioners, auditors or regulatory bodies. This paper seeks to examine this situationDesign/methodology/approachThis paper reviews previous approaches to HACCP audit and describes developments in audit and audit methods based on a long‐term study of HACCP in a multinational organisation.FindingsThe proposed audit tools provide a useful method for collection of data on the effectiveness of HACCP plans and their implementation.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of using this approach are identified and discussed.Originality/valueNew audit tools for validation and verification of HACCP effectiveness are proposed.

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