BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated the efficacy of treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (TLTBI) in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, but few studies have investigated the operational aspects of implementing TLTBI in the co-infected population.The study objectives were to describe eligibility for TLTBI as well as treatment prescription, initiation and completion in an HIV-infected Spanish cohort and to investigate factors associated with treatment completion.MethodsSubjects were prospectively identified between 2000 and 2003 at ten HIV hospital-based clinics in Spain. Data were obtained from clinical records. Associations were measured using the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsA total of 1242 subjects were recruited and 846 (68.1%) were evaluated for TLTBI. Of these, 181 (21.4%) were eligible for TLTBI either because they were tuberculin skin test (TST) positive (121) or because their TST was negative/unknown but they were known contacts of a TB case or had impaired immunity (60). Of the patients eligible for TLTBI, 122 (67.4%) initiated TLTBI: 99 (81.1%) were treated with isoniazid for 6, 9 or 12 months; and 23 (18.9%) with short-course regimens including rifampin plus isoniazid and/or pyrazinamide. In total, 70 patients (57.4%) completed treatment, 39 (32.0%) defaulted, 7 (5.7%) interrupted treatment due to adverse effects, 2 developed TB, 2 died, and 2 moved away. Treatment completion was associated with having acquired HIV infection through heterosexual sex as compared to intravenous drug use (OR:4.6; 95% CI:1.4-14.7) and with having taken rifampin and pyrazinamide for 2 months as compared to isoniazid for 9 months (OR:8.3; 95% CI:2.7-24.9).ConclusionsA minority of HIV-infected patients eligible for TLTBI actually starts and completes a course of treatment. Obstacles to successful implementation of this intervention need to be addressed.
Resumen: Se revisan aspectos de la inclusión de la ética y bioética en la formación de pre y posgrado del cirujano-dentista en Perú. Desde el punto de vista de la formación del docente, se analiza la presencia de normatividad ética en la investigación científica que genera la universidad, así como los conocimientos y actitudes vinculados con la ética y bioética en la formación del odontólogo. Se concluye que es un compromiso fomentar un cambio de paradigma, a través de un movimiento masivo que involucre los ámbitos familiar, profesional y académico, con el fin de integrar la reflexión ética en nuestro diario proceder.Palabras clave: ética, bioética, formación del odontólogo ETHICS AND BIOETHICS INCLUSION IN GRADUATE AND POSTGRADUATE SURGEON-DENTIST CAREER IN PERUAbstract: This article focuses on the need to examine the graduate and postgraduate studies of the surgeon-dentist in Peru.The presence of an ethic normative in scientific investigation generated by the University is analysed from the training of the professor's point of view. The paper also focuses on the knowledge and attitudes entailed with ethics and bioethics in the odontologist's shaping. The paper deduces that a change of paradigm is an engagement that has to be encouraged through a massive movement that should involve family and academic contours aiming at integrating ethical refection in our daily proceedings. Key words: ethics, bioethics, odontologist's formation INCLUSÃO DA ÉTICA E BIOÉTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE GRADUAÇÃO E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DO CIRURGIÃO DENTISTA NO PERUResumo: Revisam-se aspectos da inclusão da ética e bioética na formação de graduação e pós-graduação do cirurgião dentista no Peru. Do ponto de vista da formação do docente, analisa-se a presença de normatividade ética na pesquisa científica que a universidade gera, assim como os conhecimentos e atitudes vinculados à ética e bioética na formação do odontólogo. O artigo conclui que é um compromisso fomentar uma mudança de paradigma, através de um movimento massivo que envolva os âmbitos familiar, profissional e acadêmico, com o objetivo de integrar a reflexão ética no trabalho diário.
El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar actitudes sobre igualdad de los géneros en categorías específicas: orientación sexual, simbolismo religioso, valores y estructura de pareja, ámbito privado, ámbito público y sexualidad-libertad y analizarlos en sus categorías y enlaces, para el efecto se aplicó el Cuestionario de Actitudes de Igualdad de Género (CAIG), con escala Likert, la muestra fue no probabilística con 197 estudiantes mujeres de segundo y tercer año de la Carrera de Trabajo Social, gestión 2021, de la Universidad Pública de El Alto. Se encontró, una actitud neutra, hacía cuatro categorías: Orientación sexual, Sexualidad-libertad, Valores-estructura de pareja, y Simbolismo religioso. No se tienen posiciones definidas respecto a ellas, se mantienen actitudes estereotipadas, por ejemplo, sobre la participación política o adopción de niños por parte de homosexuales, o la libertad sexual de comportamiento respecto a ambos géneros. Finalmente, las categorías de ámbito público y privado fueron reconocidas claramente como espacios donde aún existe inequidad entre géneros. La investigación visibiliza, que en este milenio las nuevas generaciones y las mujeres jóvenes mantienen actitudes poco claras respecto a la igualdad de géneros, y por tanto los espacios universitarios, deben promover actitudes proactivas, referidas a la construcción de una mentalidad de equidad con acciones positivas para el ejercicio profesional.
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