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Currently, Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar cane. Various factors can interfere in the productivity and technological quality of sugar cane, which in the end, represent the integration of the different conditions to which the culture was exposed. Some of the most relevant aspects for good final yielding or stand of plants are related to planting practices. These practices directly affect the ability of sprouting and tillering of sugar cane. Based on a review of the literature, this article aims to report the various factors that can affect sprouting and tillering of sugar cane.

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Resumo -O feijão-de-vagem é uma hortaliça rica em fibras, proteínas e vitaminas. Dentro do programa de melhoramento do feijão-de-vagem da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), foram realizadas seleções nas populações F 2 , em campo; avançando até F 5 pelo método SSD, em casa de vegetação; selecionando 30 linhas promissoras em F 6 . Continuando o programa, a geração F 7 foi cultivada e avaliada, em campo, em Campos dos Goytacazes e em Bom Jesus do Itabapoana. As características avaliadas foram: altura de inserção da primeira vagem (APV); altura da planta (AP); o número médio de vagens por planta (NMV); comprimento médio das vagens (CMV); peso médio de grãos por vagem (PMGV); teor de fibras nas vagens (FIB); produtividade de vagens por hectare (ProdVagens) e a produtividade de grãos por hectare (ProdGrãos). Não houve interação genótipo x ambiente (local) para a característica teor de fibra nas vagens, indicando ser esta bastante estável aos ambientes estudados. O teste de Scott-Knot formou três grupos quanto ao teor de fibras nas vagens frescas. Houve efeito significativo de genótipos para todas as características avaliadas, exceto para o NMVP. Os acessos UENF 7-20-1, UENF 7-5-1, UENF 14-22-3, UENF 15-8-4, UENF 1445, Top seed blue line, Feltrin, UENF 14-16-3, UENF 7-10-1, UENF 14-6-3 e UENF 15-23-4 foram respectivamente os mais produtivos, com rendimentos de 20.052 a 15.873 Mg ha -1 de vagens e na produção de grãos (2.693 a 2.014 Mg ha -1 ). A característica mais correlacionada com os rendimentos de vagens e de grãos foi o NMVP seguido por CMV. Palavras-chave -Feijão-de-Vagem. Caracteres agronômicos. Melhoramento genético.Abstract -The snap bean is a vegetable rich in fibers, proteins and vitamins. Within of the breeding program of snap bean of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), selections were performed in F2 populations in the field, advancing to F5 by SSD method, in a greenhouse, selecting 30 promising lines in F6. Continuing the program, the F7 generation was cultivated and evaluated in the field in Campos dos Goytacazes and in Bom Jesus do Itabapoana. The characteristics evaluated were height of first pod insertion (APV), height of plants (AP), average number of pods per plant (NMV); average length of pods (CMV), average weight of grains per pod (PMGV); fiber content in pod (FIB), pod productivity per hectare (ProdVagens) and grains productivity per hectare (ProdGrãos). There has no interaction genotype x environment (local) for the characteristic fiber content in pod, indicating that this is very stable environments studied. The Scott-Knot test formed three groups as to fiber content in fresh pods. There was significative effect of genotypes for all characteristics considered, except for the NMVP. The accesses UENF 7-20-1, UENF 7-5-1, UENF 14-22-3, UENF 15-8-4, UENF 1445, Top seed blue line, Feltrin, UENF 14-16-3, UENF 7-10-1, UENF 14-6-3 and UENF 15-23-4 were respectively the most productive, with yields from 20,052 to 15,873 Mg ha -1 of pods and in gra...

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar as perdas quantitativas de cana-de-açúcar e os danos causados às soqueiras, utilizando a colhedora Case A8800 em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Os resultados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva. A comparação das médias foi realizada através do Intervalo de confiança, construído pela estatística "t" á 5% de probabilidade, objetivando comparar os tipos de perdas. As diferenças entre os tipos de perdas foram significativas, pedaço solto e lascas foram encontrados em maior quantidade. O grau de danos 2 foi encontrado em maior número, totalizando 42% das soqueiras avaliadas, seguido de grau 4, grau 3 e grau 1. Palavras-chave: Cana crua. Saccharum spp. Colheita mecanizada. This study aimed to evaluate the quantitative losses of sugar cane and ratoon damage, using the Case A8800 harvester in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Comparison of means was performed using the confidence interval, constructed by statistical "t" at 5% probability to compare the types of losses. The differences between types of losses were significant and loose pieces and splinters were found in greater quantity. Degree of damage 2 was greater, totaling 42% of the evaluated ratoons, followed by grades 4, 3, and 1.

Despite having been deemed unfit for agriculture, the municipality of São João da Barra - RJ, much of the community-based agricultural economy grew and currently own, despite the difficulties, a significant production. The aim of this study was to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the watershed of the Rio Doce, São João da Barra - RJ, taking into account the interaction of biotic and abiotic elements, and to produce scientific knowledge that can serve as a basis for the development of public policies that aim to exploit the environment in a more sustainable way, as well as the improvement in quality of life. This study used questionnaires with open and closed questions. Agriculture is a traditional economic activity in this region, with approximately 60% of farmers having over twenty years of professional experience, mainly producing pineapple, gherkin and okra.

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