Osteocalcin (bone Gla protein) is a promising marker of bone turnover useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of high turnover osteoporosis. Conflicting results have been reported about its physiological variations according to sex, age, and menopause. Several, but not all, authors have found increased levels in males, with aging, and after menopause. We measured serum osteocalcin in 126 healthy subjects, 57 males and 69 females, aged between 45 and 88 years. Osteocalcin was higher (P less than 0.01) in males (6.24 +/- 0.36) than in females (4.32 +/- 0.34). This sexual difference was significant, too, in subjects younger and older than 60 years. Osteocalcin increased with age, linearly in males (P less than 0.05), and exponentially in females (P less than 0.05). Although there was a difference in age (P less than 0.05), no difference in osteocalcin levels between premenopausal women and women in their first two postmenopausal years was detected, while osteocalcin was significantly increased in women more than two years into menopause. We conclude that osteocalcin in healthy subjects is higher in males than in females and increases with age after 45 years in both sexes. Osteocalcin levels increase in women more than two years beyond menopause, but not only as an effect on aging.
Before the lack of systematic sexual formation in the medical curriculum, we propose a sexual model based on the theory of the systems of Bertanalaffy, originator of the organisation of the paradigm of the sciences in the 20th century. A proof of it is that of medicine, abandoning the term apparatus to utilise systems, a concept that implies interrelationship, equilibrium and biogenesis, articulating its knowledge in locomotive, respiratory, digestive, excretory, circulatory endocrine, nervous and reproductive systems etc, The absence of the Sexual System is responsible for the scarcity of economic and research investment in the biological dimension of sexuality. Indeed, it does not exist as material on the page of knowledge, Throughout the article we present the anatomical subsystems that comprise it, the laws of the system and its ends. Its incorporation as a system would make obligatory instruction in sexuality, contribute to the advance of biological research and to assistance. It would end with the concept of quality to be constitutive and determinant of the human. KEY WORDS: sex; model; human; sexual system. When the term sex is confronted, in accordance with its common use and within a great diversity of surroundings, it encompasses different meanings depending on the context, the intonation, the name which we give it, Weks (1) states "the term refers both to an act and a category of person, both to a practice and to a gender", producing a tower of Babel in which the meanings, appreciation and attributes are so heterogeneous that they prevent minimally intelligible communication.
BackgroundCerebellar ataxia affects individuals in reproductive age. To date, few clinical cases of cerebellar ataxia and involvement of the cerebellum in sexual response were reported. We report a case of a woman that need to restore skills related for execution of sexual activity and coordination of movements during sexual intercourse.Case presentationWe present a case of idiopathic cerebellar ataxia in a 25-year-old woman who was referred for sexual health consultation. The patient complained of sexual problems as follows: “I forgot the behaviors that I should adopt in a sexual encounter, and I know what to do only after paying attention to my movements.” The history of sexual behavior indicated that this patient presented a “romantic love” model. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) reports that this condition involves anorgasmia disorder and female sexual arousal disorder. In addition, there was a loss of automatism and coordination of movements in the pelvis and lower extremities. The patient’s condition improved with occupational and physical therapy combined with rehabilitation therapy based on cognitive behavioral criteria for sexual therapy.ConclusionsThe case evolved from the romantic-affective model to a realistic model. The patient reported being comfortable during sexual intercourse and could explain her sexual needs to her partner. She managed to coordinate lower limb and pelvic movements, but did not reach an orgasm. Moreover, vaginal lubrication occurred with a time lag of 15–30 min after the end of sexual intercourse or masturbation.
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