Research studies show a strong influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on human development, and how the exposure to risk contexts in the earliest stages translates into dangers in the cognitive development of children and adolescents. To alleviate these consequences and favour development, different cognitive training programs have contributed to this field by identifying the criteria of efficacy. This systematic review identifies and synthesizes the evidence of cognitive intervention studies implemented with psychosocial risk groups carried out in Spain. The search strategy was adapted to different databases. Only studies published in English or Spanish and developed in Spain that included interventions applied in populations aged 5 to 18 years with a low SES were included. The analysis of the literature showed nine interventions that indicated an improvement in those cognitive functions worked with low SES children. The cognitive domains that most worked were executive functions, followed by social cognition and language. After reviewing the available literature, a clear scarcity of interventions carried out in Spain was observed. Variables such as age, cognitive functions or personal vulnerability were identified as factors to be taken into account in future lines of research due to their influence on minors. These findings indicate the relevance of this review to help decision-making in relation to the actions to be carried out by the competent bodies in Spain.
In the field of qualitative research, life stories are consolidated as one of the most important techniques within the biographical method. However, due to the multiplicity of techniques covered by this method and the disciplines in which it is applied, the contributions and scope of life histories do not present a clear delimitation. By contrast, a considerable conceptual confusion persists and the transfer of its production remains very narrow. In this sense, this article aims to clarify the field of knowledge generated through life stories. To this end, it innovatively applies the bibliometric method. Making use of performance analysis and scientific mapping through the VosViewer application, it studies a body of 2670 articles indexed in the Web of Science. The results show how knowledge transferred from psychology through its major schools of thought occupies a central place. This leaves in a secondary position the knowledge produced by other disciplines such as sociology or anthropology, which is not transferred in the main forums of scientific impact. In this way, the conclusion points to the need to open up new lines of research to find out the differences between the different techniques and disciplines when applying this methodology.
Vivimos en una sociedad en la que se corre el riesgo de familiarizarnos con una representación uniforme de la realidad socio-cultural a pesar de la diversidad en nuestro mundo globalizado. En este artículo se presenta una experiencia diseñada para promover la reflexión en el alumnado universitario sobre sus saberes para ser aplicados en el aula de Educación Infantil. Siguiendo la metodología de la investigación-acción, la finalidad es la de contribuir a la discusión y a la movilización de cambios epistemológicos y competenciales sobre la práctica docente a partir del análisis de la celebración de Halloween. El objeto de estudio se centra en el tratamiento de dicha celebración en un escenario educativo formal donde convergen diferentes universos simbólicos. Se muestran oportunidades de aprendizaje para que el futuro docente valore las potencialidades educativas interculturales de esta celebración, desde la perspectiva del cosmopolitismo y del pensamiento crítico. En esta experiencia se ha comprobado que la indagación y la reflexión crítica contribuyen a la mejora de la formación inicial del profesorado en un contexto multicultural.
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