When comparing different studies the hearing thresholds were found to be similar. Therefore, it would be possible to establish international standard thresholds.

No abstract

Since the McCabe report, growing indirect evidence has accumulated to indicate the implication of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inner-ear disease (IMIED). A clinical study of a group of patients affected by this condition was performed in order to characterize the immune group, based on a recently reported profile, and compared with the vascular, viral and idiopathic aetiologies of sudden deafness. Patients affected by immune-mediated inner-ear disease had the best and the earliest recovery rate of hearing (p = 0.0028 and p = 0.017, respectively). However, this group of patients also had the higher rate of recurrence (p = 0.034), supporting the typical clinical course of the autoimmune disorders. On the basis of the results the criteria used in the diagnosis of the sudden presentation of the immune-mediated inner ear disease could be accepted leading to the characterization of this condition. Likewise, the role of the supporting cells in the pathogenesis of the IMIED is discussed.

These results support the prognostic significance of the determination of pretreatment natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood samples from patients with laryngeal carcinoma and suggest that assessment of adding such a determination to the current tumor staging system is advisable.

A lo largo del tiempo, numerosas investigaciones se han planteado la cuestión de qué es lo que predispone a las personas a ser emprendedores y a constituir su propia empresa. No existe un conjunto único y universal de razones aplicable a cualquier persona, sino que cada sujeto tiene sus propios motivos, los cuales pueden cambiar a lo largo de su vida. El fenómeno de creación de empresas es deficiente si se centrase únicamente en las características y comportamientos de los empresarios individuales, también deben considerarse a estudio otros factores como determinantes a este fenómeno. El objetivo de este artículo es recapitular las principales teorías sobre creación de empresas existentes en la literatura y que más difusión han tenido, atendiendo a factores económicos, psicológicos, socioculturales e internos a la organización.Over the course of time, many research projects have examined the question of what predisposes people to become entrepreneurs and form their own company. There is no one specific set of universal reasons that can be applied to any individual. It is rather a case of each person having their own motives, which are susceptible to change throughout their lifetime. The phenomenon of setting up companies would be missing something if only the characteristics and behaviours of individual entrepreneurs were focused on; it is essential for other factors to be taken into consideration as having a decisive effect on this phenomenon. The aim of this article is to recapitulate the main theories concerning the formation of companies that already exist in the literature and have been most widely publicised, taking into account the economic, psychological and sociocultural factors along with the internal organisation of the company.