This paper focuses on the validation of the Spanish form of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr\ud \ud & Garfinkel, 1982) across two studies. Participants in Study 1 were 778 females recruited from community settings\ud \ud (aged 12-21). Study 2 included 86 females recruited from clinical and 86 females from community settings (aged 12-\ud \ud 35). Results from Principal and Simultaneous Component Analyses showed a unidimensional structure of the EAT-26\ud \ud item scores. Reliability analyses supported the internal consistency of the scale. Study 1 also explores the ability of\ud \ud the EAT-26 to discriminate between subjects with Eating Disorder (ED), Symptomatic or Asymptomatic by means of\ud \ud ROC analyses and using results from the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses (Q-EDD; Mintz, O’Halloran,\ud \ud Mulholland, & Schneider, 1997) as criterion. The EAT-26 demonstrated good specificity but insufficient sensitivity to\ud \ud detect a full or partial ED. Study 2 explores the ability of the questionnaire to discriminate between subjects with and\ud \ud without ED. The EAT-26 demonstrated good specificity and moderate sensitivity to detect ED. Clinical and theoretical\ud \ud implications of these results are discussed

Background/ObjectiveSexual double standard (SDS) has long been associated to several dimensions of sexual health. Therefore the assessment of SDS is relevant and requires self-reported measures with adequate psychometric properties. This study aims to adapt the Sexual Double Standard Scale (SDSS) into heterosexual Spanish population and examine its psychometric properties. Method: Using quota incidental sampling, we recruited a sample of 1,206 individuals (50% women), distributed across three groups based on their age (18-34, 35-49 and 50 years old and older). Results: We performed both, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. An abridged version was yielded, consisting of 16 items distributed into two factors (Acceptance for sexual freedom and Acceptance for sexual shyness). A second-order factor structure was also adequate, which facilitates the use of a global index for SDS. Reliability, based on internal consistency and temporal stability was good for the factors. Evidence of validity is also shown and reported. Conclusions: This adapted version of the SDSS is reliable and valid. The importance for its use to estimate the prevalence of both traditional and modern forms of this phenomenon is discussed.

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This study focused on the validation of the Italian version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II, Bond et al. Behavior Therapy 42:676-688, 2011). This measure was developed to address the need for an improved measure of psychological inflexibility. The participants were 255 adults (77 males and 178 females, mean age of 31.9 years, SD = 13.7) from the general population. The results of Principal Axis Factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure of AAQ-II scores. The one-factor solution accounted for 42 % of the variance. Internal consistency was high (.83), and test-retest reliability over a 12-month period was modest (.61). Higher AAQ-II scores significantly related to anxiety and depression, and to lower psychological well-being, supporting the concurrent validity of the scale. Correlations with measures of conceptually related constructs also supported the convergent validity of the scale. Furthermore, psychological inflexibility significantly predicted important outcome measures beyond conceptually related constructs. The results of this study suggest that the Italian version of the AAQ-II is a reliable and valid measure of psychological inflexibility, and that the 7-item version of the scale features improved psychometric properties over previous versions of the questionnaire

Psychology as a science offers an enormous diversity of theories, principles, and methodological approaches to understand mental health, abnormal functions and behaviours and mental disorders. A selected overview of the scope, current topics as well as strength and gaps in Psychological Science may help to depict the advances needed to inform future research agendas specifically on mental health and mental disorders. From an integrative psychological perspective, most maladaptive health behaviours and mental disorders can be conceptualized as the result of developmental dysfunctions of psychological functions and processes as well as neurobiological and genetic processes that interact with the environment. The paper presents and discusses an integrative translational model, linking basic and experimental research with clinical research as well as population-based prospective-longitudinal studies. This model provides a conceptual framework to identify how individual vulnerabilities interact with environment over time, and promote critical behaviours that might act as proximal risk factors for ill-health and mental disorders. Within the models framework, such improved knowledge is also expected to better delineate targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions that prevent further escalation in early stages before the full disorder and further complications thereof develop. In contrast to conventional "personalized medicine" that typically targets individual (genetic) variation of patients who already have developed a disease to improve medical treatment, the proposed framework model, linked to a concerted funding programme of the "Science of Behaviour Change", carries the promise of improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention of health-risk behaviour constellations as well as mental disorders.