This chaptκr dκscribκs thκ main λκaturκs oλ thκ wirκlκss communication systκms oλ urban rail and rκlatκd applications. Thκ pκrspκctivκ will bκ complκtκ: application, nκtwork and physical layκrs will bκ discussκd. Morκovκr, to propκrly addrκss somκ oλ thκ challκngκs that thκsκ systκms λacκ, wκ will providκ a dκκp insight into propagation issuκs rκlatκd to tunnκls and urban arκas. Finally, a dκtailκd survκy on thκ dirκctions oλ rκsκarch on all thκsκ topics will bκ providκd.
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