Neither irrigation protocol succeeded in rendering the mesial canal system free of AHTD; however, apical negative pressure irrigation resulted in lower levels of AHTD than conventional irrigation.

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Aims: This systematic review aimed to compare the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine for root canal disinfection during root canal therapy. Methods:A literature search for clinical trials was made on the PUBMED (Medline), Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, and Science Direct databases and in the reference lists of the identified articles up to January 2015. Quality assessment of the selected studies was carried out according to the CONSORT statement. Results:One clinical trial and four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were selected from the 172 papers initially identified. There was heterogeneity in the laboratory methods used to assess the root canal disinfection as well as in the concentrations of the irrigants used. Therefore, meta-analysis was not performed. Two studies reported effective and similar reductions in bacterial levels for both irrigants. Sodium hypochlorite was more effective than chlorhexidine to reduce microorganisms in one study and another reported opposite findings. Both root irrigants were ineffective in eliminating endotoxins from necrotic pulp root canals in one study. Trial design and information regarding randomization procedures were not clearly described in the clinical trials. No study compared laboratory results with clinical outcomes. Conclusions:The available evidence on this topic is scarce and the findings of studies were not consistent. Additional RCTs using clinical outcomes to compare the use of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine during root canal therapy are needed.

MTA and BC-RRM Putty had similar sealing ability. The experimental model was effective in determining whether or not residual intracanal bacteria could survive by receiving nutrients from outside.

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The search for new instruments to promote an appropriate cervical preparation has led to the development of new rotary instruments such as TripleGates. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no study evaluating TripleGates effect on the “risk zone” of mandibular molars. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a crown-down sequence of Gates-Glidden and TripleGates burs on the remaining cervical dentin thickness and the total amount of dentin removed from the root canals during the instrumentation by using cone beam computed tomography. The number of separated instruments was also evaluated.Material and Methods : Mesial roots of 40 mandibular first molars were divided into 2 equal groups: crown-down sequence of Gates-Glidden (#3, #2, #1) and TripleGates burs. Cervical dentin thickness and canal area were measured before and after instrumentation by using cone beam computed tomography and image analysis software. Student’s t-test was used to determine significant differences at p<0.05.Results : No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between the instruments, regarding the root canal area and dentin wall thickness.Conclusion : Both tested instruments used for cervical preparation were safe to be used in the mesial root canal of mandibular molars.

Furcal perforations are significant iatrogenic complications of endodontic treatment and could lead to endodontic failure. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been regarded as an ideal material for perforation repair, retrograde filling, pulp capping, and apexification. This case report describes a furcal perforation in a maxillary first molar, which was repaired using MTA. The tooth was endodontically treated and coronally restored with resin composite. After 2 years, the absence of periradicular radiolucent lesions, pain, and swelling along with functional tooth stability indicated a successful outcome of sealing the perforation using MTA.

Objective:The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of EasyClean (EC) on irrigant delivery into simulated lateral canals using an artificial closed canal system. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used as a reference technique for comparison. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated curved root canals manufactured in transparent resin and with simulated lateral canals were instrumented with Reciproc R40 files and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10) according to the irrigant activation technique: PUI group, ECrec group (EC used in reciprocating motion), ECrot group (EC used in rotary motion), and control group (no activation performed). After activation, stereomicroscope images from each block were taken, and irrigant penetration into lateral canals was measured using Adobe Photoshop software. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: No penetration was observed in the control group. The ECrec group showed lower penetration than the other group (P<0.05). No differences were observed between the ECrot group and the PUI group (P>0.05). Conclusion: EC used in rotary motion was effective in increasing the penetration of the irrigating solution into simulated lateral canals.