Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the first ten causes of unpleasant diseases in young adult males in developing countries and the second major cause of unpleasant diseases in young adult women. Adolescents and young adults (15-24 years old) make up only 25% of the sexually active population, but represent almost 50% of all new acquired STDs. In general, STDs are epidemics and present an enormous health and economic consequences. An adequate screening for STDs should be done on a routine basis in every part of the world. Many STDs are asymptomatic and therefore can difficult to control. The purpose of reporting of STDs is to ensure that persons who are infected will be quickly diagnosed and appropriately treated to control the spread of infection and also so that partners are notified, tested and appropriately treated. It is estimated that reported cases of STDs represent only 50%-80% of reportable STD infections in the United States, reflecting limited screening and low disease reporting. High-risk sexual behavior is a highly contributive factor of this process as it often leads to teenage pregnancies and HIV/AIDS. One possible explanation for this behavior is that people do not have enough information about the transmission of STDs or ignore the precautions required for safe sex. Approximately 60% of new HIV infections worldwide occur in young people. The frequency of high-risk behaviors among youths may also be influenced by opportunity to engage in them, particularly the amount of time that they are unsupervised by adults. However, in diagnosing and treating these patients, we can effectively prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. Individuals infected with STDs are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. The breaking of the genital tract lining or skin creates a portal of entry for HIV and, hence, HIV-infected individuals with other STDs are more likely to shed HIV in their genital secretions. To date, the condom is the most effective method available for males for protection against STDs. It is important to control STDs, and prevention can be the key of this process. Prevention can be achieved through education of the population, identification of symptomatic and asymptomatic people, and effective diagnosis and treatment of these patients and their partners.

Patients with low total testosterone more frequently present with positive surgical margins in RRP specimens. The true association between low testosterone and poor clinical outcome in the long term needs validation in large prospective studies.

This study did not show significant improvement in pain, curvature or plaque size in patients with Peyronie's disease who were treated with tamoxifen compared with those treated with placebo.

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Use of tissue from the corpus cavernosum to correct penile curvature is effective. However, our results are preliminary, and long-term effectiveness and safety must be confirmed in a larger number of cases.

Introduction A great variety of foreign bodies in the lower urinary tract have been described; many of them are self-inflicted by the patient with masturbatory purposes. Depending on the nature of the foreign body the diagnostic and management might be challenging. Aims We report a case of an unusual magnetic self-inserted foreign body into the bladder for autoerotism and briefly discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications in this challenging situation. Methods We describe all the steps we have used to adequately diagnose the problem, describe the foreign body and treatments for the patient. Related articles were found by utilizing the PubMed database and are summarized in this study. Results The management approach must be planned according to the nature of the foreign body and should minimize bladder and urethral trauma. However, most of cases can be managed endoscopically. Conclusion Removal of magnetic foreign body may be quite challenging, requiring high-level surgical skills and minimally invasive techniques resulting in fast recovery and low complication rate.

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SUMMARYBrazilian patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomised in a 12-week, double-blind, double-dummy study to receive doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) 4 mg q.i. I N T R O D U C T I O NBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate that can cause bladder obstruction leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as the increased prostatic mass compresses the urethra and inhibits urinary flow (1). The incidence of BPH increases proportionately with advancing age, with more than 70% of men older than 70 years having histologic evidence of BPH (2).Selective a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists are considered the first line of standard pharmacologic treatment for patients with BPH (3). These agents reduce urethral pressure (3) and inhibit smooth muscle tone in the prostate and lower urinary tract (4) by interrupting the motor sympathetic adrenergic nerve supply to the prostate, reducing the pressure, and improving the LUTS and urinary function in patients with BPH (5).Although all of the currently available a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of BPH, each is unique in its affinity for various receptor subtypes (a 1A , a 1B and a 1D ) (3) and, thus, the potential for both beneficial and adverse events (AEs). Doxazosin and tamsulosin, both a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists, have been shown to provide the relief of symptomatic BPH with once-daily dosing. The efficacy of doxazosin, a long-acting, selective a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, has been demonstrated by improvements in urinary flow rate and symptomatic measures (e.g. nocturia, hesitancy, urgency and weak stream) (6,7). Recently, a controlled-release formulation, doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS), has been shown to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile and drug delivery rate, minimising the fluctuations and extending the time to peak serum concentration compared with the doxazosin standard formulation (8). Doxazosin GITS eliminates the need for