Serum samples were studied using Raman spectroscopy and analyzed through the multivariate statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The blood samples were obtained from 11 patients who were clinically diagnosed with breast cancer and 12 healthy volunteer controls. The PCA allowed us to define the wavelength differences between the spectral bands of the control and patient groups. However, since the differences in the involved molecules were in their tertiary or quaternary structure, it was not possible to determine what molecule caused the observed differences in the spectra. The ratio of the corresponding band intensities were analyzed by calculating the p values and it was found that only seven of these band ratios were significant and corresponded to proteins, phospholipids, and polysaccharides. These specific bands might be helpful during screening for breast cancer using Raman Spectroscopy of serum samples. It is also shown that serum samples from patients with breast cancer and from the control group can be discriminated when the LDA is applied to their Raman spectra.

RFA is a promising minimally invasive treatment of small breast carcinomas, as it can achieve effective cell killing with a low complication rate. Further studies are necessary to optimize the technique and evaluate its future role as local therapy for breast cancer.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is considered a chronic degenerative disease, which is one of the most prevalent disorders in the older adult population, representing up to 14% of the world's population. DM2 is associated with chronic complications such as neuropathy, heart failure, nephropathy, retinopathy, among others. Several studies have shown that the constant performance of aerobic exercise in older adults with DM2 favors glycemic control, decreased insulin resistance, as well as improved pancreatic β-cell function. Likewise, aerobic exercise applied to daily life increases self-esteem, and produces a sense of well-being in the older adult. In this sense, aerobic exercise in older adult patients with DM2 gives them a physical and psychological improvement, which translates into a better quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present the results obtained from the review of several documents where it is observed that aerobic exercise is a protective factor in older adults with DM2.

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