Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a syndromic disorder that affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies and is diagnosed principally when hypertension appears in the second-d half of pregnancy. WHO estimates the incidence of PE to be seven times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality, associated with 50,000 to 100,000 annual deaths globally as well as serious fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Even though evidence from family-based studies suggest PE has a heritable component, its etiology, and specific genetic contributions remain unclear. Many studies examining the genetic factors contributing to PE have been conducted, most of them are focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Given that PE has a very important inflammatory component, is mandatory to examine cytokine-SNPs for elucidating all mechanisms involved in this pathology. In this review, we describe the most important cytokine-polymorphisms associated with the onset and development of PE. We aim to provide current and relevant evidence in this regard. Methods: We searched English databases such as PubMed and the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The publication time of the papers was set from the establishment of the databases to February 2022. All studies about Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines polymorphisms were included in our study. Results: SNPs in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-22 are associated with the development, early-onset and severity of PE, being the Th1/Th2/Th17 responses affected by the presence of these SNPs. Conclusions: The changes in Th1/Th2/Th17 response modify processes such as placentation, control of inflammation, and vascular function. Nonetheless, association studies have shown different results depending on sample size, diagnostic, and population.
Objetivo: Comparar las características histopatológicas y tomográficas de la conjuntiva y cápsula de Tenon. Determinar la relación del estado inflamatorio preoperatorio con el éxito quirúrgico. --- Metodología: Estudio descriptivo. Previo al procedimiento se midió la conjuntiva y Tenon por tomografía, se realiza histopatología de la muestra. Se midió la presión intraocular al primero, tercer y sexto mes. Las variables cuantitativas se presentaron en formato de tabla y se analizaron con medidas de tendencia central tipo media e intervalo y medidas de dispersión tipo desviación estándar. --- Resultados: De un total de 32 pacientes, 19 fueron varones (59.4%) y 13 mujeres (40.6%), con una media de edad de 71.1±11.9. La media del grosor de la conjuntiva y cápsula de Tenon fue de 330.8±36.7 µm. Se observó un promedio de células inflamatorias, vasos sanguíneos y células calciformes en una proporción de 15.8±9.1, 14.3±5.0, 3±8 respectivamente. Las variables inflamatorias son menores en ojos que alcanzaron el éxito absoluto contrario a quienes presentaron un éxito relativo. Sin embargo, no se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. --- Conclusión: El grosor de la conjuntiva y cápsula de Tenon presenta una tendencia de cambio que es inversamente proporcional al grado de inflamación del ojo. Sin embargo, dado que el tamaño de la muestra fue pequeño los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Palabras Clave: Conjuntiva, trabeculectomía, OCT, histopatología, inflamación
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