Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been studied due to their interesting properties, such as light trapping and catalytic activity for removing organic molecules.
Photocatalytic semiconductors require maintaining stability and pursuing higher efficiencies. The studied systems were silicon nanowires (SiNWs), silicon nanowires with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (SiNWs-CoONPs), and silicon nanowires with copper nanoparticles (SiNWs-CuNPs). SiNWs were synthesized by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) from silicon wafers keeping the remaining silver nanoparticles for all three sample types. The nanowires were about 23–30 µm in length. CoONPs and CuNPs were deposited on SiNWs by the autocatalytic reduction processes (electroless). There were many factors in the process that affect the resulting structures and degradation efficiencies. This work shows the degradation of methyl orange (MO) together with the chemisorption of methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) by direct illumination with visible radiation. The MO degradation kinetics were in the sequence SiNWs-CuNPs (88.9%) > SiNWs (85.3%) > SiNWs-CoONPs (49.3%), with the SiNWs-CuNPs having slightly faster kinetics. However, SiNWs-CoONPs have slow degradation kinetics. The chemisorptions of MB and Rh6G were SiNWs-CuNPs (87.2%; 86.88%) > SiNWs (86%; 87%) > SiNWs-CoONPs (17.3%; 12%), showing dye desorptions together with lower chemisorption capacities. This work shows iridescence in optical microscopy images by the visible light interference caused by the spaces between the nanowire bundles.
In this work, a hyperchaotic system was used as a model for chronotherapy. We applied a periodic perturbation to a variable, varying the period and amplitude of forcing. The system, five-dimensional, has until three positive Lyapunov exponents. As a result, we get small periodical windows, but it was possible to get large areas of hyperchaos of two positive Lyapunov exponents from a chaotic behavior. In this chronotherapy model, chaos could be considered as a dynamical disease, and therapy goal must be to restore the hyperchaotic state.
Hacia mediados del mes de agosto de 1910, el exasperado cronista de un semanario obrero capitalino llamaba la atención sobre un hecho acaecido en aquellos días en la región de Limón y entre otras cosas manifestaba lo siguiente: "...acaba de efectuarse en nuestro puerto del atlántico, un movimiento de hombres que sienten como los demás, un grupo de seres cuyo color desdeña el inhumano sentimiento, que declarados en huelga, no han querido a raíz de una emancipación que celebraron , seguir bajo el oprobioso tutelaje de los que explotan su carne, para adocenar los costales de una compañía que no remunera sus esfuerzos, de una raza que forza los eslabones de su esclavitud, de una enferma protección que hasta desheredarlos intenta de la consideración social... Aunque los abusivos que han adquirido títulos de nobleza con la explotación de la masa esclava supongan que estos por su harapienta condición han perdido el derecho de laprotesta, día llegara en que negros y blancos hagan respetar lo que la burguesía les priva y puedan celebrar el triunfo de una emancipación sin grilletes."
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