rESuMEN Este trabajo analiza el impacto de las armas de fuego en la mortalidad entre los años 1980-2012 en Argentina. Para ello se realiza un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de la tendencia temporal, a través de las siguientes variables: sexo, grupos de edad, intencionalidad y jurisdicción. Los datos fueron obtenidos en la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en Salud del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Se encontraron 87.671 muertes por armas de fuego. Los varones representaron el 85,7% y su tasa más alta fue para el año 2002 con 21,2 muertes por 100.000 habitantes. El grupo de edad que concentró la mayor cantidad de muertes por armas de fuego fue el de 20 a 29 años (25,6%). Las tasas ajustadas más altas corresponden a los años 2000-2002 con valores entre 10,0 y 11,6 muertes por cada 100.000 habitantes, período que coincide con la crisis económicoinstitucional que atravesó el país. La provincia de Buenos Aires fue el lugar de residencia del 49,1% de las muertes. En la discusión se abordan dimensiones político-económicas e ideológico-culturales en la relación entre armas, violencias, ciencia y sociedad.
Low back pain (LBP) is the most common cause of pain in adults and the second health condition that prompts patients to seek ambulatory medical care visits. To analyse the impact of LBP on hospitalisations in healthcare facilities within the official subsector in Argentina between 2006 and 2010. Discharges in which the original diagnosis had been either adult LBP or lumbosciatica were assessed. The data comprised age, gender, province of residence, average length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, intra-hospital death, and the Provincial Human Development Index (PHDI). 17,859 discharges had an original diagnosis of LBP and 10,948 of lumbosciatica, which jointly accounted for 18.7 % of all the discharges documented for Diseases of Osteomuscular System and Connective Tissue (DOMS). Hospital discharges of female patients represented 53.7 %. The average age upon admission was 47.7 years in men versus 47.9 in women. The average LOS was slightly higher in men (4.2 vs. 3.8 days, p 0.01). In provinces with a PHDI below the national average, a surgical procedure was performed in 3.1 % of the discharges versus 4.1 % in the provinces with a PHDI above the national average (p < 0.001). LBP was the most frequent cause of hospitalisation due to DOMS. It occurred with a slightly higher frequency in women and prompted short hospitalisations. A surgical procedure was carried out during hospitalisation in very few cases, but the percentage of surgeries during hospitalisation was higher in provinces with a PHDI above the national average.
The combined methodologies confirmed the correlation between socioeconomic factors and health indicators, especially regarding teen pregnancy and breast cancer mortality rates. The results should be extremely helpful in designing interventions aimed at reducing health inequalities at the local level.
The excess risk of adverse birth outcomes associated with socioeconomic disadvantage was consistently reflected by SGA, but not by LBW and PTB. These findings challenge the usefulness of LBW as an indicator population health. Further research is needed to explain the reverse socioeconomic gradients in PTB.
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death from injury in Argentina, and there are few studies analyzing intra-urban geographic variations in developing countries. The scope of this study was to analyze the relationship between suicide and socioeconomic status and social fragmentation in small areas of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) during the 2011-2015 period. An ecological study was conducted using data on suicide records in the resident population of the CABA available at the National Ministry of Security. A multiple spatial regression was carried out to test the relationship between suicide and indicators of socioeconomic status and social fragmentation by area. The risk of suicide was positively associated with higher indices of social fragmentation, whereas it was not related to the indices of poverty. The results of this study support the hypothesis of social fragmentation as a factor positively associated with the increase of intra-urban suicide in cities of developing countries.
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