In this theme some advances have been developed, verified in the background, where attempts have been made to determine the existence of structural alterations such as perforations, defective welding and dents in metal structures; a pattern of mechanical vibration that allows to differentiate each alteration has not yet been clearly defined. In this work, the data taking was carried out taking into account the position of the sensors, two beams were added without alteration, in order to be able to interact with the five configurations, which were adopted for the experimental design.  To the tests of repeated measurements, in each configuration, analysis (ANOVA) was used for the validation of NULL hypotheses, and thus to determine the number of test to be treated. After having the defined matrices representing each configuration, in each anomaly, it is necessary to apply the principal component Analysis (PCA), to the data obtained by the calculation of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). And thus determine the number of components by means of three Criteria (Jollife, Kaiser and PVA), using a classification algorithm, which evaluates the percentage of classification vs lower standard deviation. In this analysis the descriptors were not calculated but the main components of each criterion were taken as a description tool.  The process of extraction of characteristics was fundamental to determine the proper configuration in each alteration (fissure, welded, perforated, deformed).  On the other hand, statistical parameters were calculated (average, standard deviation, variation factor, Euclidean distance) of each anomaly. Taking as descriptors.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación relacionada con el comportamiento experimental de recubrimientos de alúmina, obtenidos a partir de partículas de tamaño micrométrico y depositadas a través de un proceso de rociado térmico por llama, sobre un sustrato de acero inoxidable AISI 304, cuando están sometidos a desgate erosivo originado por cavitación a través de un aparato vibratorio. La metodología utilizada para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto consistió de cinco fases, en la primera se realizó una caracterización morfológica y química de los materiales utilizados; la segunda fue la adaptación del equipo de ultrasonido UIP1000hd a los requerimientos exigidos por la norma ASTM G32-16 (Método de pruebas estándar para erosión por cavitación usando aparatos vibratorios); posteriormente se ensayaron probetas de acero inoxidable AISI 304 para comprobar el funcionamiento del equipo utilizado, la validación del fenómeno de desgaste presente en las probetas se realizó a través de ensayos de microscopia electrónica de barrido con el fin de observar la evolución de la huella dejada sobre el espécimen; como cuarta fase se realizó la deposición de los recubrimientos de alúmina a través de un equipo de combustión oxiacetilénica convencional y una pistola Eutalloy 85 BX; por último se realizaron ensayos de microdureza y resistencia al desgaste erosivo a probetas de acero inoxidable AISI 304 sin y con recubrimientos de alúmina. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron validar el funcionamiento del equipo adaptado para la realización de los ensayos ya que el porcentaje de error promedio entre los datos experimentales y teóricos fue del 4,5% para el acero inoxidable AISI 304; respecto al comportamiento de los recubrimientos de alúmina se obtuvo una reducción del 26,23% de pérdida de material con respecto al acero inoxidable AISI 304, lo que representa una mejora significativa e incentiva su utilización cuando se tienen elementos mecánicos sometidos a desgaste erosivo originado por cavitación. Palabras clave: Alúmina, Desgaste, Erosión, Recubrimientos. AbstractThis article presents the results of the research related to the experimental behavior of alumina coatings obtained from micrometric size particles and deposited through a thermal spraying by flame process on an AISI 304 stainless steel substrate when it is subjected to erosive wear caused by cavitation through a vibratory apparatus. The methodology used to reach the proposed objective consisted of five phases in the first a morphological and chemical characterization of the materials used, was carried out; the second was the adaptation of UIP1000hd ultrasound equipment to the requirements demanded by the ASTM G32-16 standard (standard test method for erosion by cavitation using vibrating apparatus); afterwards, test pieces of AISI 304 stainless steel were tested to verify the performance of the equipment used, the validation of the wear phenomenon present in the specimens was carried out through scanning electron microscopy tests in order to observe the evolution of the footprint left over the specimen; as a fourth phase, the deposition of the alumina coatings was carried out through a conventional oxyacetylene combustion equipment and an Eutalloy 85 BX gun; finally micro-hardness and erosive wear resistance tests were carried out on AISI 304 stainless steel specimens without and with alumina coatings. The results obtained allowed to validate the operation of the adapted equipment for the performance of the tests since the percentage of average error between the experimental and theoretical data was of 4,5% for AISI 304 stainless steel; regarding the behavior of alumina coatings a 26,23% reduction of material loss was obtained with respect to the AISI 304 stainless steel which represents a significant improvement and encourages its use when mechanical elements are subjected to erosive wear caused by cavitation. Keywords: Alumina, Wearing away, Erosion, Coatings. ResumoEste artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa relacionada ao comportamento experimental de revestimentos de alumina, obtidos a partir de partículas micrométricas e depositados através de um processo de chama térmica, sobre um substrato de aço inoxidável AISI 304, quando submetido a erosão erosiva causada por cavitação através de um aparelho vibratório. A metodologia utilizada para atingir o objetivo proposto consistiu de cinco fases, sendo que na primeira foi realizada uma caracterização morfológica e química dos materiais utilizados; o segundo foi a adaptação do equipamento de ultra-som UIP1000hd aos requisitos exigidos pela norma ASTM G32-16 (método de teste padrão para erosão por cavitação utilizando aparelhos vibratórios); subsequentemente, eles espécimes aço inoxidável AISI 304 foram testadas para a operação do equipamento utilizado, a validação de fenómeno de desgaste presente nas amostras foi realizada por meio de testes de microscopia electrónica de varrimento a fim de observar a evolução da marca deixada sobre o espécime; como uma quarta fase, a deposição dos revestimentos de alumina foi realizada através de equipamento de combustão de oxiacetileno convencional e uma pistola Eutalloy 85 BX; Finalmente, testes de microdureza e resistência à erosão foram realizados em amostras de aço inoxidável AISI 304 sem e com revestimentos de alumina. Os resultados obtidos permitiram validar a operação do equipamento adaptado para a realização dos ensaios, uma vez que a porcentagem de erro médio entre os dados experimentais e teóricos foi de 4,5% para o aço inoxidável AISI 304; sobre o comportamento dos revestimentos de alumina redução de 26,23% de perda de material em comparação com o aço inoxidável AISI 304 foi obtido, o que representa uma melhoria significativa e encoraja a utilização quando os elementos mecânicos são submetidos a erosiva desgaste causado pela cavitação.Palavras-chave:  Alumina, Desgastando, Erosão, Revestimentos.

Temperature is one of the matter properties with the greatest influence on the materials behavior existing in nature and those man designed. This physical magnitude allows to demonstrate and define behaviors and materials characteristics in the industry in general. Its influence is present in all the places where the materials fulfill functions, however, in some applications its influence is very little, which allows to disregard its effects. In the steels case (one of the most used materials at the industrial level today), the temperature variation produces dilation or contraction, depending on the temperature magnitude and its variation that affects them. Temperature increases generate an expansion phenomenon in the materials, which under load will reach a point where they present thermal fatigue failure. The opposite is that of temperature drops, where the phenomenon that occurs is contraction, often leading to the loss of adjustments and interference that compromise the equipment functionality and integrity. The fatigue failure mentioned is presented as a result of the stresses and deformations present in both cases. It is desired to condition a rotational flex fatigue test equipment with a cooling system to bring the sample material to temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, in order to check how low temperatures, affect the resistance of steel to fatigue. For this, a cooling system was designed and the fatigue equipment was adapted to reduce heat transfer. After carrying out this implementation and determining that the sizes of the devices were suitable for the proposed purposes, the initial temperature tests were carried out and, once this part was achieved, three repetitions of a rotary fatigue test were performed that demonstrated that the equipment can operate normally.