Focus on environmental issues has greatly increased in recent years. This development has led to a competitive advantage for innovative processes that are less harmful to the environment, because they satisfy the environmental consciousness of today's consumers, enable entrance into more competitive new markets, can even lead to direct profits in accordance with environmental conservation, and earn carbon credits by recycling greenhouse gases. such as CO 2 and CH 4 . The present paper shows the feasibility of using biomass, such as rice husk, sugar cane bagasse, elephant grass, coffee husk, and eucalyptus bark, as substitute materials for powder coal injection into a blast furnace, thereby leading to the replacement of part or even all of coal injected, which is not renewable and causes great environmental impact during mining and extraction. To simulate the possibility of injecting biomass materials, physical modeling, which has been developed for this purpose, is used. Further analyses are particle size classification, surface area, calorific value, and proximate and ultimate analyses. It has been concluded that, using these biomass materials, it is possible to reduce the specific carbon consumption in the blast furnace burden, which enhances the environmental commitment of the steel plant, and, moreover, to use waste generated in agriculture.
Coal and energy consumption in the COREX process can be minimised from the balance between the required and generated reduction gas. Metallisation ratio is calculated at the balance, which corresponds to the effective calorific value of smelting coal. The proper metallisation ratio will be defined in this paper, after which it is demonstrated that an effective calorific value of smelting coal is needed to minimise the consumption of energy in the process. In addition, heat stability is also an important parameter when using coal instead of coke to insure a useful fixed bed in the melter gasifier. By considering the above points the energy consumption in the COREX process can be optimised.
This paper aims to study the possibility of using charcoal, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, coffee husk, eucalyptus bark and elephant grass and their blends as materials for blast furnace fuel injection. However, any blast furnace fuel must satisfy all the stringent quality requirements such as combustibility, calorific value and ash content. Elaborate processing is also necessary for flowability of the dry pulverized fuel produced from the biomass materials. These properties are evaluated in laboratory by an experimental simulator. The analysis showed the technical feasibility of biomass as an alternative fuel for the blast furnace process, which can contribute as a new energy source. This technique may be one approach to reduce the cost to the steel company by the partial replacement of the fuel materials like coke, and bring further advantages such as the reduction of greenhouse gas generation and obtain carbon credits.
ResumoEste trabalho foi realizado a partir da identificação de um problema ambiental, a alta concentração de gases do efeito estufa. Ao analisar as emissões nacionais de sistemas de energia, observou-se que o segmento da indústria de aço tem uma importante participação devido ao alto consumo de carvão metalúrgico e coque no balanço energético, mostrando a predominância de usinas à base de coque siderúrgico integrados. Depois de identificar algumas possíveis soluções para este problema ambiental, o projeto teve como objetivo utilizar cascas de eucalipto na injeção de finos pulverizados pelas ventaneiras de altos-fornos nas siderúrgicas. A utilização deste material como uma fonte de energia (combustível) no processo de redução de minério de ferro em altos-fornos, substituindo diretamente o carvão, apresenta uma solução viável para o sequestro de carbono. O eucalipto é uma fonte renovável, ao contrário do carvão mineral, e através da fotossíntese captura o gás CO 2 da atmosfera, reduzindo a poluição causada pelos altos-fornos e participa no mercado de carbono. Assim, a empresa poderia participar do mercado de carbono, o que poderia resultar em um lucro anual superior apenas por este mecanismo. A casca do eucalipto é rico em carbono e complementa a oferta desse elemento para o processo de redução de minério. Assim, em teoria, o que esta pesquisa mostra é que a casca de eucalipto pode ser injetada em altos-fornos no lugar do carvão pulverizado, tornando este processo ser rentável para a empresa. Palavras-chave: Carvão pulverizado; Injeção; Alto-forno; Casca de eucalipto. STUDY OF BARK EUCALYPTUS MIXTURES WITH COAL INJECTION IN BLAST FURNACE AbstractThis work was carried out from the identification of an environmental problem, the high concentration of greenhouse gases. By analyzing the national energy system emissions, it was observed that the segment of the steel industry has an important participation due to the high consumption of metallurgical coal and coke in the energy balance, showing the predominance of integrated steelmaking coke based plants. After identifying some possible solutions to this environmental issue, this project aimed to use barks of eucalyptus in the injection on tuyeres of blast furnaces of steel mills. The use of this material as an energy source (fuel) in the process of reduction of iron ore in blast furnaces, replacing directly coal, presents a viable solution to carbon sequestration. Eucalyptus is a renewable source, unlike coal, and through photosynthesis captures CO 2 from the atmosphere, reducing the pollution caused by the blast furnace and participle in the carbon market. Thus the company could participate in the carbon market, which could result in a higher annual profit only by this mechanism. The bark of eucalyptus is rich in carbon and complements the provision of that element to the process of ore reduction. So, in theory, this research attempts to shows that barks of eucalyptus can be injected into blast furnaces in place of the pulverized coal, making this process being profit...
Resumo Este trabalho foi realizado a partir da identificação de um problema ambiental, a alta concentração de gases do efeito estufa. Ao analisar as emissões nacionais de sistemas de energia, observou-se que o segmento da indústria de aço tem uma importante participação devido ao alto consumo de carvão metalúrgico e coque no balanço energético, mostrando a predominância de usinas à base de coque siderúrgico integrados. Depois de identificar algumas possíveis soluções para este problema ambiental, o projeto teve como objetivo utilizar cascas de eucalipto na injeção de finos pulverizados pelas ventaneiras de altos-fornos nas siderúrgicas. A utilização deste material como uma fonte de energia (combustível) no processo de redução de minério de ferro em altos-fornos, substituindo diretamente o carvão, apresenta uma solução viável para o sequestro de carbono. O eucalipto é uma fonte renovável, ao contrário do carvão mineral, e através da fotossíntese captura o gás CO 2 da atmosfera, reduzindo a poluição causada pelos altos-fornos e participa no mercado de carbono. Assim, a empresa poderia participar do mercado de carbono, o que poderia resultar em um lucro anual superior apenas por este mecanismo. A casca do eucalipto é rico em carbono e complementa a oferta desse elemento para o processo de redução de minério. Assim, em teoria, o que esta pesquisa mostra é que a casca de eucalipto pode ser injetada em altos-fornos no lugar do carvão pulverizado, tornando este processo ser rentável para a empresa. Palavras-chave: Carvão pulverizado; Injeção; Alto-forno; Casca de eucalipto. STUDY OF BARK EUCALYPTUS MIXTURES WITH COAL INJECTION IN BLAST FURNACE Abstract This work was carried out from the identification of an environmental problem, the high concentration of greenhouse gases. By analyzing the national energy system emissions, it was observed that the segment of the steel industry has an important participation due to the high consumption of metallurgical coal and coke in the energy balance, showing the predominance of integrated steelmaking coke based plants. After identifying some possible solutions to this environmental issue, this project aimed to use barks of eucalyptus in the injection on tuyeres of blast furnaces of steel mills. The use of this material as an energy source (fuel) in the process of reduction of iron ore in blast furnaces, replacing directly coal, presents a viable solution to carbon sequestration. Eucalyptus is a renewable source, unlike coal, and through photosynthesis captures CO 2 from the atmosphere, reducing the pollution caused by the blast furnace and participle in the carbon market. Thus the company could participate in the carbon market, which could result in a higher annual profit only by this mechanism. The bark of eucalyptus is rich in carbon and complements the provision of that element to the process of ore reduction. So, in theory, this research attempts to shows that barks of eucalyptus can be injected into blast furnaces in place of the pulverized coal, making this process being prof...
Marina do Carmo Carias 4 ResumoEste trabalho foi realizado a partir da identificação do problema da alta geração de resíduos cafeeiros e de emissão de gases poluentes pelas indústrias siderúrgicas. Ao analisar as emissões nacionais de sistemas de energia, observou-se que o segmento da indústria de aço tem uma importante participação devido ao alto consumo de carvão metalúrgico e coque no balanço energético. O projeto teve como objetivo utilizar duas biomassas, a casca de café e o carvão vegetal, como uma fonte de energia no processo de redução do minério de ferro, através da injeção de finos pulverizados pelas ventaneiras de altos-fornos. O cafeeiro e a planta de eucalipto são fontes renováveis, ao contrário do carvão mineral, e através da fotossíntese capturam o gás CO 2 da atmosfera, reduzindo parte da poluição causada pelos altos-fornos à coque. Para simular a possibilidade de injetar as biomassas estudadas, um simulador de injeção de materiais pulverizados foi utilizado. Foram utilizadas, também, técnicas para caracterizar os materiais, como classificação granulométrica, combustão, calorimetria, análise de gás, superfície específica, microscópica e química. Através do estudo, esta pesquisa mostra que a casca de café pode ser injetada em altos-fornos substituindo parcialmente a moinha de carvão vegetal. Palavras-chave: Alto-forno; Injeção; Casca de café; Carvão vegetal. UTILIZATION OF COFFEE HUSK AND CHARCOAL AS REDUCING AND ENERGETIC MATERIAL IN INJECTION OF PULVERIZED MATERIAL IN TUYERES FOR BLAST FURNACE AbstractThis present paper was accomplished from the identification of the problem of high generation of coffee waste and greenhouse gas emissions by the steel industry. By analyzing the national energy system emissions, it was observed that the steel industry segment has an important role due to the high consumption of charcoal and coke in the energy balance. The project aimed to use two biomasses, coffee husk and charcoal as a source of energy in the iron ore reduction process through fine injection sprayed by tuyeres of blast furnaces. The coffee and eucalyptus plant are renewable, unlike coal, and through photosynthesis capture the CO2 gas from the atmosphere, reducing of the pollution caused by the blast furnace to coke. To simulate the possibility of injecting the biomasses studied, an injection simulator pulverized material was used. We used also techniques to characterize the materials as size, combustion calorimetry gas analysis, specific surface, microscopic and chemical classification. Through the study, this research shows that coffee husk can be injected into blast furnaces partially replacing charcoal.
ResumoDevido ao grande aumento da concentração de gases do efeito estufa, a criação de uma energia limpa tem sido um desafio para a ciência e as indústrias. Após identificar possíveis soluções para este problema uma alternativa seria a utilização de biomassa vegetal com capacidade térmica como fonte energética redutora no processo de redução do minério de ferro em altos-fornos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) e carvão mineral na injeção de finos pulverizados pelas ventaneiras de altos-fornos nas siderúrgicas a fim de reduzir custos da produção de ferro gusa e reduzir a dependência de combustíveis fósseis no processo. O capim elefante é uma fonte renovável e de rápido crescimento que através da fotossíntese captura o CO2 da atmosfera, reduzindo a poluição causada pelos altos-fornos. Para simular a injeção dos materiais estudados foi construído na Escola de Minas -UFOP um modelo de partículas de combustão para analisar as amostras. Outras técnicas são utilizadas para caracterização como combustão, calorimetria, análise de gás, análise química imediata e elementar. Assim, em teoria, esta pesquisa mostra que o capim elefante misturado com carvão mineral através de sua injeção em altos-fornos mostrou-se viável em termos metalúrgicos e ambientais. Palavras-chave: Alto-forno; Capim elefante; Carvão mineral; Injeção. METALLURGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF INJECTION OF PULVERIZED COAL AND ELEPHANT GRASS (PENNISETUM PURPUREUM) IN BLAST FURNACE AbstractDue to the large increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, creating a clean energy it has been a challenge for science and industry. After identifying possible solutions to this problem an alternative would be the use of biomass with thermal capacity as a reduction energy source in the process of reduction of iron ore in blast furnaces. This work aimed to use elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and coal in the pulverized fines injection on tuyeres of blast furnace of steel mills in order to reduce costs of production of pig iron and reduce dependence on fossil fuels in the process. Elephant grass is a renewable source and rapid growth that through photosynthesis captures CO 2 from the atmosphere, reducing the pollution caused by blast furnaces. To simulate the injection of the materials studied was built at the School of Mines -UFOP a model of combustion particles to analyze the samples. Other techniques are used for characterization as combustion calorimetry, gas analysis, and elemental chemical analysis. Thus, in theory, this research shows that elephant grass mixed with coal through its injection in blast furnaces proved viable in metallurgical and environmental terms.
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