High accuracy was obtained for the diagnosis of prostate cancer using 3T MRI with a body coil and the PI-RADS v.2 score. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1354-1359.

Approximately two-thirds of PDE5I-naïve, Latin American men with ED were persistent and adherent after 6 months of therapy. Factors like education level, ED severity, and ED duration were associated with persistence and adherence; additional study is warranted to investigate the predictive value of these factors.

ARTICLE INFO ______________________________________________________________ ______________________Purpose: Characterize persistence and adherence to phosphodiesterase type -5 inhibitor (PDE5I) on-demand therapy over 6 months among Brazilian men in an observational, non-interventional study of Latin American men naïve to PDE5Is with erectile dysfunction (ED). Materials and Methods:Men were prescribed PDE5Is per routine clinical practice. Persistence was defined as using ≥ 1 dose during the previous 4 -weeks, and adherence as following dosing instructions for the most recent dose, assessed using the Persistence and Adherence Questionnaire. Other measures included the Self -Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) Questionnaire, and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with persistence/adherence. Results: 104 Brazilian men were enrolled; mean age by treatment was 53 to 59 years, and most presented with moderate ED (61.7%). The prescribed PDE5I was sildenafil citrate for 50 (48.1%), tadalafil for 36 (34.6%), vardenafil for 15 (14.4%), and lodenafil for 3 patients (2.9%). Overall treatment persistence was 69.2% and adherence was 70.2%; both were numerically higher with tadalafil (75.0%) versus sildenafil or vardenafil (range 60.0% to 68.0%). Potential associations of persistence and/or adherence were observed with education level, ED etiology, employment status, and coronary artery disease. Improvements in all IIEF domain scores, and both SEAR domain scores were observed for all treatments. Study limitations included the observational design, brief duration, dependence on patient self -reporting, and limited sample size. Conclusion:Approximately two-thirds of PDE5I-naive, Brazilian men with ED were treatment persistent and adherent after 6 months. Further study is warranted to improve long-term outcomes of ED treatment.

SUMMARYBrazilian patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomised in a 12-week, double-blind, double-dummy study to receive doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) 4 mg q.i. I N T R O D U C T I O NBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate that can cause bladder obstruction leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as the increased prostatic mass compresses the urethra and inhibits urinary flow (1). The incidence of BPH increases proportionately with advancing age, with more than 70% of men older than 70 years having histologic evidence of BPH (2).Selective a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists are considered the first line of standard pharmacologic treatment for patients with BPH (3). These agents reduce urethral pressure (3) and inhibit smooth muscle tone in the prostate and lower urinary tract (4) by interrupting the motor sympathetic adrenergic nerve supply to the prostate, reducing the pressure, and improving the LUTS and urinary function in patients with BPH (5).Although all of the currently available a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of BPH, each is unique in its affinity for various receptor subtypes (a 1A , a 1B and a 1D ) (3) and, thus, the potential for both beneficial and adverse events (AEs). Doxazosin and tamsulosin, both a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists, have been shown to provide the relief of symptomatic BPH with once-daily dosing. The efficacy of doxazosin, a long-acting, selective a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, has been demonstrated by improvements in urinary flow rate and symptomatic measures (e.g. nocturia, hesitancy, urgency and weak stream) (6,7). Recently, a controlled-release formulation, doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS), has been shown to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile and drug delivery rate, minimising the fluctuations and extending the time to peak serum concentration compared with the doxazosin standard formulation (8). Doxazosin GITS eliminates the need for

Introduction This is a phase III, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on lodenafil carbonate (LC), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor developed in Brazil. Aim Expanding information on LC efficacy and safety. Main Outcome Measures International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) erectile domain, positive answers to the sexual encounter profile (SEP)-2 and SEP-3 questions and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Methods A total of 350 men with erectile dysfunction (ED) of all degrees were randomized to placebo, LC 40 mg or LC 80 mg and followed for 4 weeks. They completed the IIEF and answered the SEP questions 2 and 3 after each intercourse without and with the use of LC. Results IIEF Erectile Domain scores without and with the use of medication were the following (mean [M] ± standard deviation [SD]): placebo=13.9 ± 5.2 and 14.8 ± 7.8; LC 40 mg=13.6 ± 5.3 and 18.6 ± 8.0; LC 80 mg=13.4 ± 4.9 and 20.6 ± 7.7 (analysis of variance [anova]P <0.01). Positive answers to SEP-2 without and with the use of medication were the following (M ± SD): placebo=55.3 ± 43.2% and 52.1 ± 41.4%; LC 40 mg=46.4 ± 44.3% and 63.5 ± 42.0%; LC 80 mg=50.2 ± 40.9% and 80.8 ± 32.3% (anovaP <0.01). Positive answers to SEP-3 were the following: placebo=20.2 ± 32.3% and 29.7 ± 38.1%; LC 40 mg=19.6 ± 34.3% and 50.8 ± 44.4%; LC 80 mg=20.8 ± 33.2% and 66.0 ± 39.3% (anovaP <0.01). The patients with at least one AE were placebo=28.7%, LC 40 mg=40.9%, and LC 80 mg=49.5%. AEs whose incidence was significantly higher with LC than with placebo included rhinitis, headache, flushing, visual disorder, and dizziness. Conclusions LC showed a satisfactory efficacy–safety profile for oral therapy of ED.