Despite the strong linkage between sustainable development and investment, older international investment agreements (IIAs) have been criticized as threatening the sustainable development of the host State. In recent IIAs, a slight shift towards taking the principle into account can be observed. However, the adoption of a sustainable‐development‐oriented approach in investment law depends largely on the tribunals that are tasked with the interpretation of IIAs. This article examines the role of arbitrators in promoting sustainable development. Despite their current reluctance to engage in a sustainable development discussion, the situation may alter with the conclusion of so‐called new generation free trade agreements. These agreements make more references to the principle and place at the arbitrators’ disposal interpretative tools for the integration of sustainable development into their argumentation. Finally, the article reflects on changes that would render the investment regime more compatible with sustainable development.
El panorama actual en Europa requiere una reflexión urgente sobre si existe una identidad europea o no y sobre las consecuencias que se pueden derivar de las posibles respuestas a esa pregunta. Los integrantes del <em>Grupo de investigación sobre cuestiones fundamentales de la sociedad internacional contemporánea de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya</em>, tratamos de dar respuestas a esas cuestiones, junto con un conjunto de profesores de otras universidades españolas y extranjeras a lo largo de dos años. Fruto de esa investigación es este número especial de <em>Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto</em>. Hemos abordado el tema desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, desde la Filosofía, la Historia y el Derecho. En particular, nos hemos centrado en las raíces de la identidad europea y en el alcance que, una vez determinada la misma, puede tener a la hora de las relaciones en Europa entre personas y grupos de diversas razas, religiones, culturas, etc.
Operation Sophia of the EU, which was established in 2015 to fight against the migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons business in the Mediterranean, is in a state of paralysis, as it has been decided to withdraw the ships from the sea. Thus, it has only the task of training the Libyan coastguard forces so that they are the ones who persecute those crimes. In this article, we have reviewed the results that the EU naval operation has produced so far and the causes of its current situation, to determine whether or not it can be said that it has failed. All in view, we have come to the conclusion that yes it can be said that it has not responded to the expectations that were raised in its inception. However, in honor of the truth, we think that Sophia's paralysis, in reality, is not so much a failure of the operation itself, but rather expresses the limits of the PCSD.
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