Patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are repeatedly exposed to stress and pain from approximately 300 punctures per year to their arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Repeated AVF punctures lead to a considerable degree of pain, due to the calibre and length of the bevel of fistula needles. Pain is a sensitive, emotional and subjective experience. The objective of this study was to measure pain associated with AVF needling. The analogue visual scale (AVS) divided into 10 equal parts (0 indicating lack of pain, and 10 unbearable pain) was used. Patients(7) perceptions were measured in three different HD sessions. Pain was considered mild during AVF needling. The buttonhole technique caused a mean degree of pain of 2.4 (+/-1.7), compared to 3.1 (+/-2.3) using the conventional ropeladder technique. Although without reaching a statistically significant difference, diminished pain was associated with the buttonhole technique.

BackgroundPrehypertension is associated with higher cardiovascular risk, target organ damage, and incidence of hypertension. The Prevention of Hypertension in Patients with PreHypertension (PREVER‐Prevention) trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a low‐dose diuretic for the prevention of hypertension and end‐organ damage.Methods and ResultsThis randomized, parallel, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in 21 Brazilian academic medical centers. Participants with prehypertension who were aged 30 to 70 years and who did not reach optimal blood pressure after 3 months of lifestyle intervention were randomized to a chlorthalidone/amiloride combination pill or placebo and were evaluated every 3 months during 18 months of treatment. The primary outcome was incidence of hypertension. Development or worsening of microalbuminuria, new‐onset diabetes mellitus, and reduction of left ventricular mass were secondary outcomes. Participant characteristics were evenly distributed by trial arms. The incidence of hypertension was significantly lower in 372 study participants allocated to diuretics compared with 358 allocated to placebo (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.82), resulting in a cumulative incidence of 11.7% in the diuretic arm versus 19.5% in the placebo arm (P=0.004). Adverse events; levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, creatinine, and microalbuminuria; and incidence of diabetes mellitus were no different between the 2 arms. Left ventricular mass assessed through Sokolow‐Lyon voltage and voltage‐duration product decreased to a greater extent in participants allocated to diuretic therapy compared with placebo (P=0.02).ConclusionsA combination of low‐dose chlorthalidone and amiloride effectively reduces the risk of incident hypertension and beneficially affects left ventricular mass in patients with prehypertension.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, www.ensaiosclinicos.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00970931, RBR‐74rr6s.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade de predição do Instrumento de Predição de Risco de Admissão Hospitalar Repetida da hospitalização de idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte de base populacional com seguimento de seis meses com 515 idosos (> 60 anos de idade) não-institucionalizados, atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família na cidade de Progresso, RS, em 2005. Os idosos responderam a oito perguntas objetivas, que foram reunidas em modelo de regressão logística para estimar seu risco de admissão hospitalar futura, por estratos de risco. Análise de sobrevida e a curva Receiver Operating Characteristics foram empregadas para aferir a validade do instrumento. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 56,1% eram mulheres e 10,1% foram hospitalizados. O grupo de risco alto teve freqüência de internação hospitalar 6,5 vezes superior em relação ao grupo de risco baixo. CONCLUSÕES: O instrumento é efetivo ao predizer o risco de hospitalização dos idosos atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família do Sistema Único de Saúde.

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