Academic performance determines the quality and standard of efficiency and effectiveness of an educational system. The Research Forum Presentation Philippines' Approach to Assessment of the 21st Century Skills Assessment Curriculum and Technology Research Center (ACTRC) stressed that learners need to acquire 21st-century skills. To address this concern, the Philippines, through its educational agencies, including the Department of Education (DepEd) for the elementary school learners, has merged the learning approach in developing the 21st-century skills through the K to12 education reform agenda. Through its Bureau of Educational Assessment, DepEd has worked to define the skills and determine the opportunities of public elementary school learners of Bacolod City during the School Year 2019-2020. Likewise, it explores the relationship between the predictors of learners' academic performance using the demographic, such as age, sex, birth order, family living condition, monthly family income, nutritional status, and the level of academic performance of the learners in a public elementary school.
Kohlberg’s moral development theory focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one makes a moral decision. Kohlberg had identified three stages of moral development: Pre-conventional, Conventional, and post-conventional. Moral reasoning, as perceived to be a factor in the decision-making, is a rational act guided by moral principles. It is a subjective evaluation related to practical reasoning, where one justifies the idea based on how a person views various thing. Moreover, decisions rely on reasoning; moral reasoning is related to making a congruent decision when a person creates preference takes more courage in deciding whom to elect during elections. Voting preferences can be affected by certain factors such as peer influence, media influence, family influence, and church/religious community. Political leader preference is described as a judgment based on evaluations and observations through interaction with political content. It may also refer to a political or philosophical opinion on an individual pertained to be a candidate for leadership. Like the Senior High School (SHS) students, some new voters are easily swayed by some politicians. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of moral reasoning and the degree of preference for a political leader of SHS students when grouped according to sex, family monthly income, age, and church ministry involvement. Specifically, it also compares the degree of preference for political leaders when grouped according to variables and correlates moral reasoning and preference for political leaders. Likewise, it explores other factors that influence the political leaders’ preference.
Aims: This paper assessed the clients’ awareness and effectiveness of the traditional and modern information dissemination strategies of a prosecution office in Negros Occidental when the clients are taken as a whole and grouped according to geographical location and services availed from the said office. It also identified the challenges encountered by the clients with the information dissemination strategies of the prosecution office. Study Design: This study used the quantitative-descriptive research design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among the clients of the prosecution office in Negros Occidental, Philippines from June to July 2021. Methodology: Through a validated and reliability-tested researcher-made survey instrument, data were gathered from 50 clients who availed of the services of the prosecution office from June to July 2021. Data on clients’ awareness and challenges encountered on the information dissemination strategies were treated using frequency and percentage distribution. Meanwhile, data on the level of effectiveness of the strategies were treated using mean and standard deviation. Results: As a whole, 83% of the respondents (f=415) are aware of the information dissemination strategies of the prosecution office on the average. Overall, the level of effectiveness of the information dissemination strategies of the prosecution office is very high (M=4.32, SD=0.70). The most common challenges encountered by the clients with the information dissemination strategies of the office are limited usage of modern tools for more effective and faster dissemination of information (f=9, %=18), no print and broadcast media for updates on its services (f=8, %=16), no mechanism for feedbacks on the information relayed to the clients and the public (f=7, %=14), no well-established system for disseminating information to the clients and the public (f=6, %=12), and no assigned personnel who takes the responsibility of disseminating the information to the clients and the public (f=6, %=12). Conclusion: Information dissemination is one of the responsibilities of the government to the people. To apprise the public of updates relating to the functions and services of government offices, there should be effective dissemination tools that can transmit the information from the source to the receiver. Despite the emergence of many modern tools to facilitate communication, people still hold on to the relevance and importance of the traditional tools; thus, the role of the traditional tools in any context or environment will be irreplaceable.
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