This paper describes the development of bifilar, quadrifilar, and octofilar Calculable Resistors (CRs). The research involves Evanohm-S and Isaohm wire heat treatment processes to achieve temperature coefficients less than 0.5 µΩ/Ω/ • C in the CR's wire resistance element, tests of different terminal-wire joining techniques, and construction aspects achieving a stability of less than 0.05 µΩ/Ω/day. This kind of construction methodology has not been presented in detail in previous CR papers, and it is essential to accomplish the correct parameters of a CR. Without it, the development of a CR can take several months or even years. A comparison between CRs developed in this research and a CR from the Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS) in Switzerland was carried out. Measurement results between the 10 kΩ octofilar CR and the METAS 1 kΩ coaxial CR show an agreement better than 0.35 µΩ/Ω through the audio-frequency range. Therefore, the octofilar CR can be used as an AC resistance reference with traceability to the quantum Hall resistance in DC.
The method proposed by Noin--Eddine [l] allows the calculation of the complex permittivity E *=E '+ j E '. of a sample measuring the complex reflection coefficient r*= I r I LO of the measurement cell.The proposed improvement introduces a resonance based analysis which permits the calculation of the complex permittivity by measuring only the magnitude of the reflection coefficient I r I .
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.