Simulation of terahertz (THz) emission based on PC antennas imposes a challenge to couple the semiconductor carrier phenomena, optical transport and the THz energy transport. In this paper a Multi-physics simulation for coupling these phenomena using COMSOL Multi-physics 4.3b is introduced. The main parameters of THz photoconductive (PC) antenna as THz emitter have been reviewed and discussed. The results indicate the role of each parameter in the resulting photocurrent waveform and THz frequency: The radiated THz photocurrent waveform is determined by the photoconductive gap (the separation between the metallic electrodes), the incident laser illumination and the DC excitation voltage; while the THz frequency depends on the dipole length. The optimization of these parameters could enhance the emission. The simulations extend the advance of compact and cost-effective THz emitters.Keywords: Multi-physics simulation, photoconductive antennas, semiconductor physics, electromagnetics. RESUMENLa emisión de Terahertz (THz) empleando antenas fotoconductoras representa un reto de simulación en la integración de los fenó-menos de transporte en semiconductores, de óptica y de transporte de energía por radiación THz. En el presente artículo se propone una simulación Multi-Física para integrar estos fenómenos utilizando COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b. Los principales parámetros de las antenas fotoconductoras empleadas como emisores de THz son estudiados. Los resultados de la simulación demuestran cómo estos parámetros inciden en la fotocorriente generada y en la frecuencia de radiación THz: la abertura fotoconductora (la separación de los electrodos metálicos de la antena), la potencia promedio del láser incidente y el voltaje de polarización, determinan la forma de onda de la fotocorriente generada; mientras que la longitud del dipolo determina la frecuencia de radiación. La emisión de las antenas fotoconductoras puede mejorarse optimizando estos parámetros. Esta simulación es útil para el diseño e implementación de antenas fotoconductoras como emisores de THz de diseño compacto y bajo costo.Palabras clave: Antena fotoconductora, simulación multi-física, electromagnetismo, física de semiconductores.
Context: The study of nanotechnology has shown great advances, which include research and exploration of the TeraHertz (THz) region, where one of the most common approaches is the use of photoconductive antennas (PCA) due to the intrinsic properties of their emission the non-destructive nature of this type of radiation. Method: This paper describes the concept of antenna its radiation principles, the mathematical foundations, the material used for radiation, and the adjustment of the parameters to find a result of the pulse in THz by using the finite element method, accessible in the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Results: The result of a computational modeling is presented, which studies the behavior of a PCA, where the input of the chosen model corresponds to the geometry and material of the antenna, thus showing the concentration of the electric field in the GAP zone of the dipole and the substrate of the semiconductor. Conclusions: Given the theoretical foundations that describe the behavior of PCAs in THz, it was possible to configure parameters such as the geometry of the antenna, the laser to be used, and the construction materials to achieve the generation of a photocurrent peak in the order of 0,1-1,2 THz.
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