The growth patterns of coffee plants are determined by interactions between genetic, physiological, and climate factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of coffee plants in the nursery under the climatic conditions of Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia, during the first semester of 2019. Measurements were carried out in the Cenicafé 1 variety during six months. Growth parameters such as leaf area, number of leaves, height, stem diameter, and length of the main root were evaluated every 15 d after transplanting (DAT) in 20 plants and the averages of absolute growth (Ĝ) rate of each growth variable were calculated. For the total leaf area, total number of leaves, and stem height, a sigmoidal-type growth curve was adjusted, while the growth curve was linear for the stem diameter (R2 = 0.97) and main root length (R2 = 0.95). Average values were obtained for 520 cm2 for total leaf area, with an Ĝ of 3.31 cm2 d-1, 11 for total leaves (Ĝ 0.055 leaves d-1), 30.23 cm for height (Ĝ 0.155 cm d-1), 4.87 mm for stem diameter (Ĝ 0.199 mm d-1), and 28.80 cm for main root length (Ĝ 0.087 cm d-1) at 180 DAT. These results suggest that growth curves could be a useful tool for describing the growth patterns of coffee seedlings during the nursery stage of growth.
En el presente estudio por primera vez en Colombia, se caracterizaron morfológica, agronómica y fisiológicamente, 50 accesiones de la Colección Colombiana de Café que representan su diversidad (Colección Núcleo) en dos ambientes contrastantes de la caficultura colombiana. Se identificaron accesiones etíopes silvestres que se destacan por su buen comportamiento bajo las condiciones experimentales evaluadas, con potencial para ser incluidas dentro del Programa de Mejoramiento Genético de Cenicafé como progenitores de futuras variedades mejoradas. Así mismo, el establecimiento de correlaciones entre algunas de las variables evaluadas es útil para una selección indirecta de caracteres de interés para el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético.
Se seleccionaron 13 líneas mejoradas resistentes a la roya, con excelentes características agronómicas, calidad física del grano y calidad en taza catalogada como especial, que pueden entrar a conformar las variedades comerciales vigentes. El departamento del Huila participó con el 43% de las pruebas regionales a nivel de país. El 93% de las líneas seleccionadas poseen mecanismos de resistencia contra la roya diferentes a los que poseen las variedades comerciales actuales, los cuales contribuirán a la durabilidad de la resistencia en las variedades comerciales actuales.
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