This study shows that simvastatin therapy leads to a reversal of the cyclosporine A-induced bone loss, which may be mediated by downregulation of interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin E(2) production.
Therefore, within the limits of this study, we suggest that cyclosporin A at immunosuppressive levels can bring about an imbalance in the alveolar bone homeostasis in rats. However, in the presence of inflammatory stimulation, the inhibition of the immune system by cyclosporin A may decrease the initial periodontal breakdown.
The aim of this randomized, controlled, split-mouth, clinical study was to differentiate and clinically qualify the effectiveness of different desensitizing agents in the treatment of painful symptoms caused by cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH). Two hundred-and-fifty-two teeth of 42 patients were distributed into seven groups (n = 36): G1 -placebo; G2, G3, G4 and G6 -fluoride varnishes; G5 -sodium fluoride; G7 -potassium oxalate. Three applications were made one week apart. A three-score system (Alfa = 0, Bravo = 2, and Charlie = 3, respectively for no sensitivity, slight sensitivity and high sensitivity) was used to assess CDH after each application and after 30 days. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis and Dun tests. After the second week, statistically significant differences were observed for all materials compared with the baseline. After 30 days, Group G7 had presented a significant gradual reduction along all the evaluated time intervals. It was concluded that all the desensitizing agents were capable of reducing dentin hypersensitivity, with the exception of the placebo and the sodium fluoride groups.
INTRODUCTION: Plaque control is the major consensus during orthodontic treatment to prevent the occurrence of cavities and periodontal inflammation. The mechanic resource of greater effectiveness and frequent use in this control is the oral hygiene. The tooth brushing techniques most used in orthodontic patients are: Ramfjord's method, Modified Stillman technique and Bass method. OBJECTIVE: Since control studies evaluating the effectiveness of usual tooth brushing techniques do not show clear advantage, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three brushing methods, through periodontal clinical parameters of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS: Thirty patients were selected, with ages between 14 and 22 years old, with fixed orthodontic appliances. After basic periodontal treatment the following factors were evaluated: 1 - Plaque index and 2 - Gingival index and each patient was randomly included in one of the three selected groups according to the brushing technique: Group 1 - Scrubbing technique; Group 2 - Modified Stillman technique and Group 3 - Bass technique. Patients were evaluated for 9 months. RESULTS: The results showed a significant reduction of clinical parameters by the end of this period, however there was a very significant reduction of Gingival index on group 3 (13.6%) when compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: Thus, it can be suggested that the Bass technique can be effective on the reduction of periodontal clinical parameters of Plaque index and Gingival index in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Tacrolimus is used for transplant patients with refractory graft rejection and those with intolerance to cyclosporin (CsA), without the disfiguring adverse effects frequently attributed to CsA therapy. Since we have shown that CsA-associated bone loss can also affect alveolar bone, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of conversion of monotherapy from CsA to tacrolimus on alveolar bone loss in rats. Groups of rats were treated with either CsA (10 mg/kg/day, s.c.), tacrolimus (1 mg/kg/day, s.c.), or drug vehicle for 60 and 120 days, and an additional group received CsA for 60 days followed by conversion to tacrolimus for a further 60-day period. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate-resistent acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b), calcium (Ca(2+)), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were evaluated in the serum. Analyses of bone volume, bone surface, number of osteblasts, and osteoclasts were performed. Treatment with CsA for either 60 or 120 days was associated with bone resorption, represented by lower bone volume and increased number of osteoclasts; serum BALP, TRAP-5b, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were also higher in these animals. After conversion from CsA to tacrolimus, all the altered serum markers returned to control values in addition to a significant increase of bone volume and a lower number of osteoclasts. This study shows that conversion from CsA to tacrolimus therapy leads to a reversal of the CsA-induced bone loss, which can probably be mediated by downregulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha production.
Within the limits of the experimental study, it may be concluded that the deleterious side effects of tacrolimus on the gingival tissues of rats may be time-related.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. There is evidence that the uncontrolled energetic metabolism in obese patients can accelerate periodontal disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluate the possible relationship between hypothalamic obesity induced by neonatal treatment with MSG and experimental periodontal disease. Newborn male Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections in the cervical region, of 4g/Kg/day of body weight (BW) of MSG (MSG group) or hypertonic saline solution, 1.25/kg/day BW (control group, CTL). At 70 days of life periodontal disease was induced in these animals. After they were sacrificed, radiographic analyses of alveolar bone resorption and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) gene expression in gingival tissue were performed. The neonatal treatment with MSG did not affect the concentration of plasma glucose and cholesterol (CHOL). However, plasma insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides (TG) leves were higher in MSG compared with CTL group. The alveolar bone resorption was 44% lower in MSG-obese rats compared with CTL rats. In the presence of periodontal ligature, there was an increase in this parameter in all groups. The TNFα gene expression, an inflammatory marker, in periodontal tissue was similar in obese and CTL rats. The presence of ligature increased TNFα gene expression in both groups, but in a lower extension in MSG-obese rats. In conclusion these results suggested that hypothalamic obesity may produce a protective effect against periodontal disease, however further research is needed to understand the mechanisms involved in this process.
ABSTRACT:The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (meloxicam) on the alveolar bone loss progression in experimentally induced periodontitis. Forty (40) Wistar rats were separated into 8 experimental groups (n = 5). Cotton ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the lower right first molars of some rats. Four groups were treated for 5 or 15 days with an oral dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight/day of the selective COX-2 inhibitor. The other groups were used as positive control (sham) or negative control in each experimental period. Standardized digital radiographs were taken after sacrifice at 5 and 15 days to measure the amount of bone loss at the mesial root surface of the first molar tooth in each rat. The treatment with meloxicam did not induce weight alteration or other visible systemic manifestations. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that groups treated with meloxicam, after 5 days, had significantly less alveolar bone loss (p < 0.05) when compared with control groups. On the other hand, no significant differences in bone loss were observed after 15 days of treatment with meloxicam. These data provide evidence that systemic therapy with meloxicam can modify the progression of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats during the initial experimental period. DESCRIPTORS: Alveolar bone loss; Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal; Cyclooxygenase inhibitors; Periodontitis; Radiography, dental. RESUMO:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de um inibidor seletivo da cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2) (meloxicam) na progressão da perda óssea alveolar durante o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal experimental induzida. Quarenta (40) ratos Wistar foram separados em 8 grupos experimentais (n = 5). Ligaduras de fio de algodão foram colocadas na margem gengival do primeiro molar inferior direito de alguns ratos. Quatro grupos foram tratados por 5 ou 15 dias com uma dose oral de 15 mg/kg de peso corporal/dia do inibidor seletivo de COX-2. Os outros grupos foram usados como controle positivo (sham) e controle negativo dentro de cada período experimental. Radiografias digitais padronizadas foram realizadas para medir a perda óssea na região mesial do primeiro molar inferior de cada rato. O efeito do tratamento com meloxicam não induziu alteração de peso ou outras manifestações sistêmicas visíveis. A Análise de Variância (ANOVA) indicou que os grupos tratados com meloxicam após 5 dias apresentaram perda óssea alveolar significativamente menor (p < 0,05). Por outro lado, a perda óssea não foi significativa após 15 dias de tratamento com meloxicam. Os dados apresentados no presente trabalho sugerem que o tratamento sistêmico com meloxicam pode modificar a progressão da periodontite experimental em ratos no período experimental inicial.
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