A América Latina possui um considerável potencial na produção de biomassa, se destacando principalmente pela utilização de seus resíduos, sendo o Brasil um dos representantes mais importantes na geração de energia proveniente dessas fontes renováveis. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho aborda a biomassa de eucalipto, na forma de resíduo, como uma fonte promissora e de baixo custo para produção de energia e de produtos quí-micos. O objetivo do trabalho é realizar a pirólise rápida a temperatura de 500 °C na presença de catalisador mesoporoso Al-MCM-41 visando avaliar o rendimento das fases (bio-óleo, bio-gás e bio-carvão), bem como analisar os produtos gerados na fase líquida utilizando um cromatógrafo a gás com um espectrômetro de massas acoplado. Foram realizadas caracterizações por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e fluorescência de raios X (FRX) para o catalisador e a biomassa, além de análise elementar, imediata, poder calorífi-co e análise termogravimétrica (ATG) para o eucalipto. Foram obtidos rendimentos de bio-óleo, bio-gás e bio-carvão, compatíveis com a literatura, além de comprovar que a presença do catalisador influencia de forma direta nesta distribuição. Os principais compostos identificados foram o ácido acético, 1-hidroxi -2-propanona, 1-1-dietoxi-etano, furfural, confirmando a importância do processo para obtenção de produtos químicos. Palavras-chave:Resíduo, Processo Térmico, Bio-óleo. ABSTRACTLatin America has considerable potential in the production of biomass, mainly for the use of its waste, Brazil being one of the most important representatives in the generation of energy from these renewable sources. In this sense, the paper approaches eucalyptus biomass, in the form of residue, as a promising source of low cost for the production of energy and chemical products. The objective of this work is to perform the fast pyrolysis at 500 °C in the presence of mesoporous Al-MCM-41 catalyst to evaluate the performance of the phases (bio-oil, biogas and bio-coal), as well as to analyze the products generated in the liquid phase using a gas chromatograph with a coupled mass spectrometer. The catalysts and the biomass were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (FRX). Elemental analysis, immediate analysis, calorific value and thermogravimetric analysis were performed for eucalyptus. Bio-oil, bio-gas and biocarbon yields were obtained, compatible with the literature, besides proving that the presence of the catalyst influences directly in this distribution. The main compounds identified were acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, 1-1-diethoxyethane, furfural, confirming the importance of the process for obtaining chemical products.
Biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable biofuel, generally produced by the fatty materials transesterification. Due to its importance in the diversification of the energy matrix of countries, various studies have been carried out to improve its production process. One of the technologies developed is the use of co-solvents in the process. The co-solvents decrease the mass transfer resistance between the oil and the alcohol during the chemical reaction. In this paper, a review of the literature on the biodiesel production using co-solvents was presented. The research gathered information about various studies that are relevant to the theme, aiming to show the state of the art, the substances most used as co-solvents, and the conditions of the process variables that result in high yields of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In the homogeneous basic catalysis of vegetable oils, potassium hydroxide is the most used catalyst. Its range of application normally varies from 0.5% to 1.8% in relation to the mass of oil. The reaction time may vary from 10 minutes to 2 hours, the temperature from 25 °C to 100 °C, the molar ratio (MR), from 3:1 to 12:1, and the amount of 30% (w/w) co-solvent, or in some cases up to 0.7:1 co-solvent to alcohol molar ratio.
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