In monolayer graphene, substitutional doping during growth can be used to alter its electronic properties. We used scanning tunneling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, and first principles calculations to characterize individual nitrogen dopants in monolayer graphene grown on a copper substrate. Individual nitrogen atoms were incorporated as graphitic dopants, and a fraction of the extra electron on each nitrogen atom was delocalized into the graphene lattice. The electronic structure of nitrogen-doped graphene was strongly modified only within a few lattice spacings of the site of the nitrogen dopant. These findings show that chemical doping is a promising route to achieving high-quality graphene films with a large carrier concentration.
In a prototypical ferromagnet (Ga,mn)As based on a III-V semiconductor, substitution of divalent mn atoms into trivalent Ga sites leads to severely limited chemical solubility and metastable specimens available only as thin films. The doping of hole carriers via (Ga,mn) substitution also prohibits electron doping. To overcome these difficulties, masek et al. theoretically proposed systems based on a I-II-V semiconductor LiZnAs, where isovalent (Zn,mn) substitution is decoupled from carrier doping with excess/deficient Li concentrations. Here we show successful synthesis of Li 1 + y (Zn 1 − x mn x )As in bulk materials. Ferromagnetism with a critical temperature of up to 50 K is observed in nominally Li-excess (y = 0.05-0.2) compounds with mn concentrations of x = 0.02-0.15, which have p-type metallic carriers. This is presumably due to excess Li in substitutional Zn sites. semiconducting LiZnAs, ferromagnetic Li(Zn,mn)As, antiferromagnetic LimnAs, and superconducting LiFeAs systems share square lattice As layers, which may enable development of novel junction devices in the future.
Abstract:The driving forces behind electronic nematicity in the iron pnictides remain hotly debated. We use atomic-resolution variable-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy to provide the first direct visual evidence that local electronic nematicity and unidirectional antiferroic (stripe) fluctuations persist to temperatures almost twice the nominal structural ordering temperature in the parent pnictide NaFeAs. Low-temperature spectroscopic imaging of nematically-ordered NaFeAs shows anisotropic electronic features that are not observed for isostructural, non-nematic LiFeAs. The local electronic features are shown to arise from scattering interference around crystalline defects in NaFeAs, and their spatial anisotropy is a direct consequence of the structural and stripe-magnetic order present at low temperature. We show that the anisotropic features persist up to high temperatures in the nominally tetragonal phase of the crystal. The spatial distribution and energy dependence of the anisotropy at high temperatures is explained by the persistence of large amplitude, short-range, unidirectional, antiferroic (stripe) fluctuations, indicating that strong density wave fluctuations exist and couple to near-Fermi surface electrons even far from the structural and density wave phase boundaries. Main Text:The nature of the normal state from which superconductivity emerges in unconventional superconductors remains a mystery. It is suspected that electronic interactions present in the normal state play a key role in the formation of the superconducting state 1 . In both the cuprates and the pnictide phase diagrams, magnetically ordered states exist in proximity to the superconducting state, and the pnictides additionally exhibit orbital ordering 2,3 . A crucial additional feature of the pnictides is the appearance of a "nematic'' phase in which the tetragonal rotational symmetry of the ideal pnictide lattice is spontaneously broken below a temperature T S . Recent bulk transport and scattering measurements have suggested that the nematic phase is driven by electronic, rather than lattice, degrees of freedom [4][5][6][7][8] and is observed in all electronic channels -charge 9,10 , orbital 4 , and spin 7,11 . Spin order and spin fluctuations [12][13][14][15][16] (which couple quadratically to nematicity) as well as orbital order 17,18 and orbital fluctuations 19 (which can couple linearly) have been invoked to explain the nematicity.However, the dominant interaction responsible for the nematic ordering and fluctuations remains 2 unknown and identifying it is a key experimental goal. In this paper, we use variable temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy to provide new insights into this issue by showing that our spectroscopic signals reveal that nematicity occurs in conjuction with strong antiferroic fluctuations and that both phenomena persist up to temperatures much greater than the temperatures at which longrange order is established.The arsenide superconductors consist of one or more iron-arsenide layers with the...
We employ NMR techniques to investigate the nature of Mn spins in the I-II-V diluted magnetic semiconductor Li(Zn1−xMnx)P (x = 0.1, Curie temperature Tc = 25 K). We successfully identify the 7 Li NMR signals arising from the Li sites adjacent to Mn 2+ , and probe the static and dynamic properties of Mn spins. From the NMR spin-lattice relaxation data, we show that the Mn spin-spin interactions extend over many unit cells.
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