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A dramatic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in offshore oil and gas production facilities in the coming decades is foreseen, which will require profound changes in offshore electrical power supply. In this paper, several scenarios comprising offshore oil & gas production facilities were analyzed in terms of fluid production curves and primary processing plants schemes, so that power and heat demand are estimated. Assuming that heat remains supplied through simple-cycle gas turbines with waste heat recovery units like existing facilities, power importing margins were determined for optimum heat recovery in a number of offshore assets. Three low-carbon external power supply options were investigated: (i) Power from shore; (ii) Offshore power generation with post-combustion carbon capture and storage (CCUS) and (iii) Floating offshore wind. Results are analyzed in terms of technical feasibility, economic indicators and emissions reduction potential. The present study consists in evaluating and comparing the LCOE (Levelized Cost of Electricity) and emissions reduction of offshore oil and gas projects with power import alternatives. Practical limitations for implementation in brownfields for each scenario are discussed when presenting the challenges that must be faced. Scenarios comprising a wide range of external power supply capacity, and consequently many power import systems, were analyzed and compared. With production units far from the coast, importing power from the national grid may require a lower LCOE than implementing a power hub with CCUS, according to the results of this study, but the required investments (CAPEX and OPEX) are substantial, especially in brownfield projects where the upgrade to external power supply would be redundant with the already existing power generation system of the offshore facility. Additionally, floating offshore wind alternative, in turn, has restrictions because of the intermittent generation and relatively low capacity factor. Nevertheless, the results present some insights regarding the intercomparison among all alternatives to large scale offshore hubs connected to multiple offshore assets. Despite external power supply alternatives requiring substantially higher costs, it is expected for these costs to reduce in the near future with standardization of the required technologies. This trend can unlock opportunities to provide energy to additional subsea Processing & boosting, which may be the key to accelerate the adoption of external and low carbon power supply of O&G assets.

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This paper presents a set of technologies and optimizations implemented in the All Electric FPSO, the largest PETROBRAS’ design, that was conceived to operate in Atapu and Sépia fields and will become into P-84 and P-85 FPSOs, respectively. This design was done to increase the Pre-Salt production, add more value to its reserves and minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. All Electric concept considers all rotating process equipment to be driven by electrical motors. Based on this concept, the process plant configuration and the number of equipment trains were defined to comply with the flow capacities. The adoption of this new concept was possible due to proactive advocacy of PETROBRAS and other oil and gas companies for the revision of an environmental regulation that limited its use (CONAMA 382/2006). Moreover, other decarbonization solutions were selected and incorporated on the project based on MACC methodology and PETROBRAS's low carbon strategy. Considering the typical emissions of a FPSO, the technologies and optimizations were deployed on the main sources: power generation, flaring, venting and fugitives. Some reduction emission initiatives were implemented for the first time in a FPSO of large capacity, such as: all-electric plant concept, deeper seawater intake system, cargo tanks gas blanketing and recovery system and variable speed control on water injection pumps. Moreover, known technologies such as flare gas recovery system, closed drainage gas recovery system, cogeneration, low fugitive emission valves, and CCUS-EOR etc. were also used on All Electric FPSO design. As a result, the GHG emission intensity achieved was estimated about up to 30% less than previous FPSO designs. Another accomplishment was the zero routine flaring and venting, based on World Bank initiative, which PETROBRAS is committed. Finally, all these initiatives are significant to the company achieve its goals, maximizing value and producing oil and gas with reduction of GHG emissions. The All Electric FPSO design is an example of how an energy efficiency approach could achieve a reduction in GHG emissions. The lessons learned during the development of this design contribute to broaden the knowledge for oil and gas industry decarbonization.

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