Smoking behavior is influenced by genetic factors. Polymorphisms affecting the dopaminergic system have been linked to smoking habits. The aim of this study was to investigate if the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT(2A) receptor gene is related to tobacco use, since this receptor modulates the mesolimbic dopamine system and the C allele is associated with reduced receptor gene expression. A sample of 625 subjects were genotyped and classified according to their smoking behavior (never, former, or current smokers). We found differences in the distribution of the genotypes when the current smokers were compared with the never + former smokers, suggesting that T102C polymorphism is associated with maintenance, but not with initiation of the smoking habit. The CC genotype was more frequent in the current smokers than in the never + former smokers (chi(2) = 6.825, P = 0.03). The odds ratio of being a current smoker with a CC genotype was 1.63, 95% CI 1.06-2.51.
Resumo: Com o objetivo de verificar a percepção dos alunos quanto às características reais das avaliações a que são submetidos, e àquelas que julgam ideais, bem como de observar a persistência ou não, dessa percepção ao longo dos três primeiros anos do curso, realizou-se uma sondagem de opinião entre alunos das carreiras de Medicina, Odontologia, Enfermagem, Agronomia e Biologia. Os alunos consideraram que as avaliações devem ser contínuas, cumulativas, cooperativas, globais, individualizadas, sistêmicas, válidas, e devem contar com sua participação. Essa opinião não apresentou variação significativa ao longo dos três primeiros anos. A situação real foi considerada significativamente aquém das expectativas. Os resultados sugerem que as avaliações não atendem às expectativas dos alunos, as quais correspondem aos princípios teóricos que embasam a avaliação como processo.
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