Introduction Insoles are used for different purposes and they can be an additional factor aiding weight loss in obese people due to their contribution in reducing musculoskeletal pain. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of custom insoles for redistributing plantar pressure, decreasing musculoskeletal pain and reducing postural changes in obese adults. Materials and methods Data was obtained from morbidly obese people, who had a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 35 and < 45 kg/m2, at three moments: before the insole was provided, immediately after insole use began and after two months of use. Anthropometric, postural, musculoskeletal pain and computerized baropodometry data were collected. Results When comparing the stages before the use of the insole and after two months of use, significant (p < 0.05) decreases were observed in the number of people with right lateral postural misalignment, in the intensity of the musculoskeletal pain of the body segments evaluated (except for the right knee), and in the mean of the peak plantar pressure values. In terms of total plantar contact area, the mean increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both right and left feet after the intervention. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the daily use of proprioceptive insoles contributed to reducing peak plantar pressure, musculoskeletal pain and lateral postural deviations. The use of proprioceptive insoles may be an important strategy to encourage obese people to exercise and, consequently, reduce weight.