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Sporothrix chilensis is a mild-pathogenical specie of Sporothrix pallida complex, until now, known as restrict to Chile. Herein, we describe the first clinical isolates identified as S. chilensis in Brazil, preserved in the URM Culture Collection, by polyphasic taxonomy, and their respective antifungal profile of this emergent fungus.

Aim: Cases of sporotrichosis are emerging in several states of Brazil, especially in the southeast. Recently, sporotrichosis has been reported in the state of Pernambuco in the northeastern region. The goal of this study was to shed new light on sporotrichosis in terms of the geographic distribution of human cases and provide an overview of sporotrichosis associated with zoonotic transmission. Patients & methods: From March 2017 to November 2019, 179 patients were diagnosed with sporotrichosis. Georeferencing analysis, spatial distribution and epidemiological features of all cases are described. Results: The data show the dynamics of accelerated transmission of sporotrichosis across urban and coastal areas of the state of Pernambuco. Conclusion: There is a need to decentralize health services and implement a One Health approach to this emerging disease.

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Candida nivariensis caused refractory esophagitis in a 36-year-old Brazilian man coinfected with HIV and Leishmania. A literature review on this rare fungal pathogen is also presented. The diagnosis was made, and pathogen identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and sequencing of the LSU/26S region. An antifungigram was performed using broth microdilution. A literature search of PubMed was performed. The causative agent, C. nivariensis, was resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. The patient's condition worsened considerably, and he passed away. This is the second report of this Candida species in Brazil and the first case reported worldwide of refractory esophagitis in a patient coinfected with HIV and Leishmania. The case illustrates the importance of precise identification and antifungal susceptibility testing when isolating this emerging pathogen.

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