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The oxidation of para‐substituted anilines (X–C6H4NH2, X = –CH3, –H, –Cl, –NO2) with chlorine dioxide was studied as a means of eliminating these pollutants. The oxidation rate decreases from that for 4‐methylaniline to that for 4‐nitroanilinem in agreement with the Hammett plot; the oxidation kinetics is second order in aniline and first order in ClO2, for which a possible mechanism is proposed. Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry results show that benzoquinone is formed as the major intermediate in aniline/ClO2 oxidation, and the reaction is pH‐dependent as the rate constant increases with increasing pH. To further support our proposed mechanism, Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations at both B3LYP/6‐311 + G(d,p) level with the polarizable continuum model with an integral equation formalism solvation model (i.e., with water) were carried out, showing that activation energy barriers predict the same reactivity trend as shown by the kinetics experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Fluorescent organic inorganic nanohybrids (FONs) recognized cysteine and cytosine simultaneously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The fluorescence signal was enhanced for cytosine and quenched for cysteine.

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Mist is generated by ultrasonic cavitation of water (Fisher Biograde, pH 5.5-6.5) at room temperature (20 -25ºC) in open air with nearly constant temperature (22 -25 ºC) but varying relative humidity (24%-52%) over the course of many months. Water droplets in the mist are initially about 7 microns in diameter at about 50% relative humidity. They are collected, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is measured using commercial peroxide test strips and by bromothymol blue oxidation. The quantification method is based on the Fenton chemistry of dye degradation to determine the oxidation capacity of water samples that have been treated by ultrasonication. It is found that the hydrogen peroxide concentration varies nearly linearly with relative humidity over the range studied, reaching a low of 2 parts per million (ppm) at 24% relative humidity and a high of 6 ppm at 52% relative humidity. Some possible public health implications concerning the transmission of respiratory viral infections are suggested for this threefold change in H 2 O 2 concentration with relative humidity.

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