The main purpose of the present review was to examine the scientific literature on the effects of physical education-based stretching programs on hamstring extensibility in schoolchildren aged 6-11 years. For this purpose relevant studies were searched from ten electronic databases dated up through May 2015. Of the 25 potentially relevant articles identified and retrieved for more detailed evaluation, only eight studies were included in the present review because they met the inclusion criteria. The overall results showed that incorporating hamstring stretching as a part of physical education classes produces a significant improvement in the scores of the tests: straight leg raise and classic sit-and-reach, for the experimental groups, but not for control groups. Stretching programs can be included in Physical Education classes, specifically during the warmup and the cool down periods in order to improve hamstring extensibility. Although it seems that the stretching exercises in the warm-up period could be less effective in gaining flexibility in school children. Studies that use a stretching volume between 4 and 7 minutes per session and 2-4 training classes per week, obtain statistically significant improvements on the levels of hamstring flexibility in the experimental groups. However, after a five-week detraining period, children revert back to their initial flexibility levels. Therefore, it seems appropriate that physical education teachers should implement stretching programs to improve the students´ flexibility during the Physical Education classes. Key words:Hamstring stretching, primary students, stretching program, review. RezumatScopul principal al acesteirecenzii a fost de a examina literatura de specialitate cu privire la efectele programelor de stretching asupra extensibilității mușchilor ischiogambieri la elevii cu vârste cuprinse între 6-11 ani. În acest scop, au fost cercetate studii relevante din zece baze de date electronice datate până în mai 2015. Din cele 25 de articole potențial relevante identificate și extrase pentru o evaluare mai detaliată, doar opt studii au îndeplinit criteriile de includere înaceastă recenzie. Rezultatele globale au arătat că includerea exercițiilor de stretching pentru mușchii ischiogambieri în cadrul orelor de educație fizică determină o îmbunătățire semnificativă a testelorLasègue și sit-and-reach, pentru loturile experimentale, dar nu și pentru cele de control. Programele de stretching pot fi incluse în orele de educație fizică, în special în timpul perioadelor de încălzire și relaxare cu scopul de a îmbunătăți extensibilitatea mușchilor ischiogambieri. Totuși, se pare că exercițiile de stretching efectuate în perioada de încălzire sunt mai puțin eficace în creșterea flexibilității la copiii de școală. Studiile care utilizează 2-4 sesiuni de antrenament pe săptămână cu durata între 4 și 7 minute pe sesiune, au obținut îmbunătățiri semnificative statistic ale flexibilității mușchilor ischiogambieri din grupele experimentale. Cu toate acestea, după o perio...
Numerosas investigaciones centran sus programas en la mejora de la flexibilidad isquiosural, ya que su acortamiento puede afectar negativamente a la columna, dando lugar a patologías como lumbalgias, espondilolisis, espondilolistesis, enfermedad de Scheuermann, incluso hernias discales de la región lumbosacra. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer el efecto que tienen los programas de estiramiento sobre la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural en personas mayores. De esta manera, se realizó una revisión sistemática analizando aquellos artículos que basaron sus estudios en la elaboración de diseños experimentales o cuasi-experimentales caracterizados por la puesta en práctica de programas de intervención en los que existe un estiramiento de la musculatura isquiosural. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Sport Discus, Medline e ISI Web of Science desde su inicio hasta agosto de 2013. Los resultados obtenidos en los cuatro estudios incluidos en la presente investigación revelan un Tamaño del Efecto (TE) corregido total de 1,49, lo que significa que estos programas poseen un gran efecto sobre la ganancia de flexibilidad en la musculatura isquiosural. Como conclusión, el tiempo de estiramiento semanal parece ser uno de los factores que más influencia tienen sobre la mejora de la flexibilidad isquiosural en personas mayores.Palabras clave: rango de movimiento, ancianos, flexibilidad, revisión.Abstract: Extensive research focus their programs on improving hamstring flexibility because its shortening may adversely affect the column, leading to pathologies such back pain, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, Scheuermann disease, including disc herniation of the lumbosacral region. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of stretching programs on hamstring flexibility in older people. Thereby, it was performed a systematic review examining those articles that based their interventions on the development of experimental or quasi-experimental designs characterized by the implementation of hamstring stretching programs. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Sport Discus, Medline and ISI Web of Science data from their inception through August 2013. The results obtained in the four studies included in the present study show a total corrected Size Effect (SE) of 1.49, which means that these programs have a large effect on the hamstring flexibility gain. To conclude, the weekly stretching time is one of the factors that most influence the improvement of hamstring flexibility in older people.Key words: range of motion, older, flexibility, review.
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