An experimental model of the honing process oriented towards the honing operation for very fine finished is development. A two-level design of experiments has been carried out with three factors and a replica. We chose the factors that have been shown to be most significant in honing machining such as grain size and pressure. In addition, as in honing, the angle of scratching is important and depends on the relationship between the two speeds, linear velocity V L and tangential velocity V T , one of them has also been chosen, the linear velocity V L , and the other velocity V T is kept constant. By varying only V L , the scratch angle is varied and the tangential speed V T is kept constant, the number of factors is reduced and the number of tests is reduced. The variable with the greatest influence and which is present in a significant way in all the output parameters is the abrasive grain size G st , the pressure parameters P and linear velocity V L did not show to be particularly decisive in the finishing phase, especially for the roughness parameters. Manufacturers of hydraulic cylinders, surface finish of the inner wall of internal combustion engines and all those applications where it is machined with honing.
Regenerative vibration is a major drawback in machining processes reducing the geometric accuracy and dynamic stability of the cutting system. Achieving a dynamically stable cutting operation represents a significant decrease in the production time and therefore in the costs associated with this process. The information provided by the stability lobe diagrams is of great importance, since from them we know the range of spindle rotation speeds and chip thicknesses at which the cutting operation takes place in a state free from the phenomenon of regenerative chatter, avoiding the rapid wear of the cutting tool and achieving quality surface finishes. In the present investigation, the behavior of the turning operations in steel 1020, steel 1035 and steel 1045 is characterized, with the objective of verifying the presence of instability in the machining caused by the regenerative chattering in the machine tools. Based on the analytical models proposed by Altintas and Budak for the stabilization of self-excited vibrations, a computer tool is developed capable of generating stability lobe diagrams, which allow us to appreciate the operating conditions in which machining presents stable behavior, to simulate the material removal process considering certain parameters specific to the machine tool.
In this research we analyze the state of the art of the technological developments that are being presented by the scientific community to mitigate the strong environmental changes with renewable energies. The results obtained by the bibliometric techniques in the period 2007-2018 show that in the 1900 published articles the People's Republic of China presents the highest volume of 32.3% of the total publications, showing a strong influence on the development of energy storage technologies and the availability of materials. The results presented in this article allow us to evaluate the development of researchers in this alternative of energy storage as a replacement to the distribution that is done with traditional methods.
The complexity of the milling process has led us to study different parameters, among which are the cutting speed, feed speed, chip volume, cutting time and associated costs, which are the focus of this study. For this purpose, a calculation algorithm was designed in which fixed parameters were left and the cutting depth was varied from 2 to 8 mm. This resulted in an increase in process times and costs, which was expected due to the removal of more material and a negative impact on the surface finish of the part.
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