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The surface topography of dental implants plays an important role in cell-surface interaction promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation influencing osseointegration. A hydrophilic implant leads to the absorption of water molecules and subsequently promotes the adhesion of cells to the implant binding protein. Dried salts on the implant surfaces allow one to store the implant surfaces in a dry environment while preserving their hydrophilic characteristics. This process has been identified as “dry technology”. The aim of the present study is to describe from a micrometric and nanometric point of view the characteristics of this new bioactivated surface obtained using salts dried on the surface. Topographic analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and contact angle characterization were performed on the samples of a sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface (ABT), a nanosurface (Nano) deriving from the former but with the adding of salts air dried and a nanosurface with salts dissolved with distilled water (Nano H2O). The analysis revealed promising results for nanostructured surfaces with increased wettability and a more articulated surface nanotopography than the traditional ABT surface. In conclusion, this study validates a new promising ultra-hydrophilic nano surface obtained by sandblasting, double acid etching and surface salt deposition using dry technology.

The use of dental implants has grown over the years and has led to higher success rates. To further enhance surgical outcomes, many research groups and companies have shifted their focus to surfaces roughness, wettability and chemistry. In a recent study a new dry salt bioactivate surface has been described from a chemical and physical point of view. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenic response of pre-osteoblast cell lines to dry bioactivated surface. MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell lines were cultured on SM (sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface) and HNS (SM surface with dry salts bioactive technology). Cell adhesion assay, proliferation assay and cell morphology were performed. Osteogenic activity was performed using Alizarin Red S and alkaline phosphatase. The results showed that SM surface determines a slighter but significant increase in cell adhesion and proliferation in a shorter time compared to HNS. On the contrary, HNS surface has long and intertwining filopodia that could be a response to surface HNS-topography that results in a higher stage of differentiation. The nature of the HNS surface is more prone to determine massive deposition of calcium minerals. This study is the first investigating the role of this interesting dry-salts bioactive surface during the first phase of healing and its potential biochemical advantage could be validated by future animal studies with the aim of evaluate the rate of bone implant contact in the early stages of healing.

BackgroundDifferent biomaterials were suggested for sinus floor augmentation (SFA). Recently, new materials were launched showing true bone formation without remnants.PurposeThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate an hydroxyapatite‐based, sugar cross‐linked collagen sponge (OSSIX™ Bone) in transcrestal SFA (t‐SFA).Materials and methodsTwenty‐four patients with edentulous posterior maxilla and residual bone height (RBH) >4 mm underwent t‐SFA with OSSIX™ Bone as grafting material and simultaneous implant placement. The implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) was measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) directly after implant insertion and at 6 months. Differences in bone height (BH) and volume were determined in CBCT and x‐rays at baseline versus 1 year of follow‐up. Graft volume was evaluated by tridimensional reconstructions. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of bucco‐palatal sinus dimension, RBH, and length of the implant protruding (PIL) into the sinus, on the graft height (GH) changes up to 1 year, and on the graft volume at 1 year. Autocorrelation between time lag and augmented bone volume was evaluated through time series analysis correlograms. Health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes were captured.ResultsTwenty‐two patients completed the study. The mean RBH measured at baseline was 5.81 ± 2.2 mm. The mean graft volume was 1085.8 ± 733.4 mm3. The mean GH, measured in the immediate post‐operative period, at 6 and 12 months respectively, was 7.24 mm ±1.94; 6.57 mm ± 2.30; 5.46 mm ± 2.04. The mean ISQ measured after the implant placement was 62.19 ± 8.09, and 6 months later was 76.91 ± 4.50. There was a significant correlation between buccolingual dimension and graft volume at 1 year. Neither buccolingual volume nor RBH had a significant effect on GH change, while the PIL showed a significant positive correlation (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03 at 6 and 12 months, respectively). The correlograms indicated no significant correlation, meaning that there is no tendency for graft volume to increase or decrease over time, therefore suggesting graft stability, at least up to one year of follow‐up. 86% of patients had no chewing interference.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the study, OSSIX™ Bone could be considered a valid material for SFA due to its manageability and its positive results in promoting new bone formation with long‐term stability. T‐SFA is confirmed as a less invasive and less painful method.

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New implant surfaces created by sandblasting and acid etching enhance osseointegration processes. Surface energy seems to be an aspect of paramount importance in the first phase of healing, supporting protein adsorption and cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and bone mineralization. New methods were introduced to preserve over time and improve surface energy such as wet storage or bioactivation through salts coating created with dry technology. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic response of pre-osteoblast lineage cells to dry bioactivated surface. MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell line were cultured on ABT (SLA surface) and NANO (SLA surface with dry bioactive technology)., cell adhesion assay, proliferation assay and cell morphology were performed. Despite both surface treatments were able to support regular morphology; cell adhesion and proliferation were statistically improved ( p.value<0,05) on ABT disks. Regardless of the encouraging effects on surface energy of dry bioactivation technology with salts, this results suggest that further investigations are needed to evaluate the exact role of salts after solubilitation during the early stages of healing and the possible interactions that may hinder cells adhesion, proliferation, differentiation.