Oh you beautiful, oh you dear, oh you sweet freedom … all the silver, all the gold, all human lives, can not pay for your pure beauty … Ivan Gundulić Introduction: overtourism dystopias and socialist utopias Limits to Growth (Meadows, Meadows, Randers, & Behrens, 1972) was instrumental not only in shifting our understanding of the impact of growth on the economy, but also in fuelling a range of attempts for a shift of planning and development to include environmental and social concerns. Since Turner and Ash's (1975) Golden Hordes, tourism scholars have been concerned with the impacts of tourism on places. Concepts such as host and guest antagonism (Doxey, 1975), Tourism Area Life Cycle (Butler, 1980) and carrying capacity (O'Reilly, 1986) have informed tourism impact studies over the past four
In recent times, many infectious diseases have been spreading at an increasing scale and frequency. There is a common agreement in the literature that our cities should be prepared in the future to react promptly to epidemics, but the way in which this preparedness should be shaped is still an open question. This study aims to introduce a series of factors that should be taken into consideration in building a working framework to define and evaluate strategies for post-COVID cities. Through the use of the mutual learning methodology, this contribution draws on the concept of the epidemic prevention area (EPA) proposed by a research team at the School of Architecture, Southeast University (SEU) in China together with the UNESCO Chair in Cultural Resource Management, as an urban responding system to the COVID-19 epidemic, extracting its main factors and comparing them with two European post-COVID urban strategies: The Paris en Commun and Milano 2020. Research findings highlight that three factors—decentralization of facilities, hierarchization of the transport system and public services, and redundancy of public and semipublic functions—appeared to be particularly relevant in post-COVID cities, to promptly face future epidemic events, while improving their quality, equity, and resilience.
Purpose The considerable volume of rubble generated by the 2016–2017 earthquakes in central Italy reveals a significant issue in the post-disaster reconstruction phase. Drawing from the experience of Macerata province and the city of Camerino, the purpose of this paper is to explore a possible change of attitude in the reuse of heritage waste materials in the reconstruction process of damaged historical villages and towns in Italy. Design/methodology/approach This research outlines a comparison between national and regional directives on the rubble management on the one hand, and the praxis on the other, carrying out semi-structured interviews with experts who have been involved in the reconstruction process of Macerata province and Camerino, in Marche region. Findings The research reveals that the current vision in Italy for the management of disaster waste is still very close to the traditional paradigm that gives heritage waste an intrinsic value, worthy of great efforts for its collection, catalogue and preservation in view of the likely philological restoration of the damaged heritage. The most recent experiences in Camerino show that institutions responsible for the conservation of cultural heritage may accept a possible paradigm shift towards a more innovative and less expert-driven approach to heritage waste materials and their possible upcycling. Originality/value Within a critique of the traditional restoration paradigm, this article links disaster waste management to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, to enhance the long-term sustainability of historical villages and towns in Italy.
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