Purpose: To investigate whether soccer affects the young players’ one leg stance balance ability and to understand if balance ability in young soccer players is influenced by age, morphometric parameters or motor coordination capabilities. Methods: Ninety-two male healthy pediatric soccer players aged between 5 and 10 years were enrolled in this study. Sway path, sway area, and sway velocity of center of pressure (CoP) were recorded by means of a strain gauge platform with automatic weight correction. Athletes stood barefoot on firm surface with open eyes alternatively on bipedal condition, dominant or non-dominant foot and with closed eyes on bipedal condition. Morphometric parameters were collected. Gross motor coordination was tested with the Koerperkoordinations Test fuer Kinder (KTK). Results: Better balance outcomes were observed in open eyes and closed eyes bipedal conditions with respect to unipedal ones. Our study shows no differences in dominant and non-dominant single leg stance control. We observed a significant positive correlation of the age with the KTK score. One leg stance on dominant foot demonstrated to be well predicted by age, BMI, and motor coordination capabilities. Non-dominant one leg stance was predicted by BMI and coordinative parameters. Conclusions: Young footballers developed the ability to control in the same way one leg stance on dominant and non-dominant leg. Their postural control is directly influenced by their gross motor coordination for dominant and non-dominant leg, but age influences only dominant leg balance parameters. This supports the hypothesis that balance training should also be introduced in childhood sports training sessions to improve postural control

Shoulder arthroplasty has gained popularity as an efficient means of achieving pain relief and improved function in a variety of complex shoulder disorders. Despite promising reports, given the increasing number of shoulder arthroplasty procedures, various causes that may contribute to failure of a well-functioning arthroplasty are being increasingly recognized. One such disastrous condition is metallosis, a subject which has not been much talked off with reference to shoulder arthroplasty. This article besides reviewing the existing literature intends to discuss the possible causes that contribute to metallosis and devise a protocol for its timely diagnosis and management.

BackgroundResorbable anchors are widely used in arthroscopic stabilization of the shoulder as a means of soft tissue fixation to bone. Their function is to ensure repair stability until they are replaced by host tissue. Complications include inflammatory soft tissue reactions, cyst formation, screw fragmentation in the joint, osteolytic reactions, and enhanced glenoid rim susceptibility to fracture.PurposeTo evaluate resorption of biodegradable screws and determine whether they induce formation of areas with poor bone strength that may lead to glenoid rim fracture even with minor trauma.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsThis study evaluated 12 patients with anterior shoulder instability who had undergone arthroscopic stabilization with the Bankart technique and various resorbable anchors and subsequently experienced redislocation. The maximum interval between arthroscopic stabilization and the new dislocation was 52 months (mean, 22.16 months; range, 12-52 months). The mean patient age was 31.6 years (range, 17-61 years). The persistence or resorption of anchor holes; the number, area, and volume of osteolytic lesions; and glenoid erosion/fracture were assessed using computed tomography scans taken after redislocation occurred.ResultsComplete screw resorption was never documented. Osteolytic lesions were found at all sites (mean diameter, 5.64 mm; mean depth, 8.09 mm; mean area, 0.342 cm2; mean volume, 0.345 cm3), and all exceeded anchor size. Anterior glenoid rim fracture was seen in 9 patients, even without high-energy traumas (75% of all recurrences).ConclusionArthroscopic stabilization with resorbable devices is a highly reliable procedure that is, however, not devoid of complications. In all 12 patients, none of the different implanted anchors had degraded completely, even in patients with longer follow-up, and all induced formation of osteolytic areas. Such reaction may lead to anterior glenoid rim fracture according to the literature and as found in 75% of the study patients with local osteolysis (9/12). Reducing anchor number and/or size may reduce the risk of osteolytic areas and anterior glenoid rim fracture.

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