No abstract

Glossary CI = confidence interval; IQR = interquartile range; LED = levodopa equivalent dose; OLVG = Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis; PD = Parkinson disease; VIPD-Q = Visual Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire.

Visual disorders like double vision, dry eyes, and visual field deficits are common but frequently missed in Parkinson’s disease. Here, we aim to increase awareness for these visual disorders in Parkinson patients by discussing several common problems that can be easily diagnosed using comprehensive history taking and a basic neuro-ophthalmological examination. We offer practical guidance for the patient interview and physical exam that can facilitate a timelier recognition of visual disorders. Such recognition has immediate therapeutic relevance, because Parkinson patients are strongly dependent on an adequate vision, for example to optimally benefit from visual cueing strategies.