O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações existentes no desenvolvimento motor de bebês a partir de orientações aos pais e ou cuidadores em um programa interventivo de fisioterapia no contexto familiar. Dele participaram vinte e dois bebês, divididos em dois grupos: grupo interventivo (GI) e grupo controle (GC). Os grupos foram avaliados no início e no fim de oito semanas. As mães do GI receberam orientações de um programa de fisioterapia para bebês e de mudanças no contexto a cada semana. Os instrumentos utilizados nesta pesquisa forama a escala Alberta e o questionário AHEMD-SR. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, McNemar e a Correlação de Spearman. Observou-se significância no desenvolvimento motor no GI do pré para o pós-intervenção (p=0,029). Os resultados sugerem que bebês, quando estimulados de maneira correta em ambiente familiar, desenvolvem maior qualidade em seu aprendizado motor. Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento infantil. Relações entre o profissional e a família.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the cognitive, language, and motor development, after 18 months of life, of nonmicrocephalic children born to mothers with Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Participants were 37 children aged 18-29 months divided into 2 groups: 17 nonmicrocephalic children born to mothers who had Zika virus infection during pregnancy (ZIKVG) and 20 nonmicrocephalic children with no maternal history of infection matched by sex and age (control group). A semistructured interview and the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley III) were used for their evaluation. One child in the ZIKVG presented low cognitive score, the same in the control group. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups regarding cognitive, language, and motor development. This sample, although small, showed that a significant proportion of nonmicrocephalic children exposed prenatally to Zika virus had normal development. A longer follow-up is necessary to observe if no other adverse outcomes will appear in the future.
Five years after the identification of Zika virus as a human teratogen, we reviewed the early clinical manifestations, collectively called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have a very poor prognosis with extremely low performance in motor, cognitive, and language development domains, and practically all feature severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, these manifestations are the tip of the iceberg, with some children presenting milder forms of deficits. Additionally, neurodevelopment can be in the normal range in the majority of the non-microcephalic children born without brain or eye abnormalities. Vertical transmission and the resulting disruption in development of the brain are much less frequent when maternal infection occurs in the second half of the pregnancy. Experimental studies have alerted to the possibility of other behavioral outcomes both in prenatally infected children and in postnatal and adult infections. Cofactors play a vital role in the development of CZS and involve genetic, environmental, nutritional, and social determinants leading to the asymmetric distribution of cases. Some of these social variables also limit access to multidisciplinary professional treatment.
| The main goal of this research was to compare the effect of a Motor Intervention Program (MIP) on the development of babies in public preschools in Porto Alegre.The study included 59 infants, stratified randomly into three groups: 18 infants met three times a week (3X G); 23 babies met once a week (1XG); and 18 control individuals (CG). Visual (three minutes), manipulation of objects (seven minutes) and strength, mobility, and stabilization (ten minutes) tasks were performed. The instrument used was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to evaluate the babies' motor development. The study results showed an improved classification from 1XG babies (p = 0.007). The 3XG babies had the most significant difference in the prone posture, sitting and standing, despite being younger. In conclusion, the babies who underwent motor intervention one or three times a week had better results when compared to the control group.
RESUMOObjetivo: Investigar os efeitos de uma intervenção cognitivo-motora na integração de informação e reativação da memória de bebês.Métodos: Participaram do estudo 40 bebês de seis a oito meses de idade, nascidos a termo e matriculados em creches, permanecendo nelas sete horas por dia com relação educador/bebê de 1/6, provenientes de famílias numerosas e de baixa renda que não participavam de programas interventivos. Uma intervenção cognitivo-motora foi propiciada ao Grupo Interventivo com atividades de perseguição visual, manipulação de brinquedo e controle postural. Para o Grupo Controle, nenhuma intervenção foi propiciada. As atividades da rotina da creche foram mantidas para os dois grupos. Três atividades de manipulação foram avaliadas no início do programa, um mês depois (retenção) e três dias após a retenção. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados o teste do qui-quadrado com correção de Yates, o teste exato de Fisher e o de Cochran.Resultados: O Grupo Interventivo demonstrou desempenho significativamente superior ao Grupo Controle em evocar informações da memória na retenção e pós-retenção em duas atividades. Mudanças significativas e positivas também foram observadas para o Grupo Interventivo no fator tempo. Os bebês mais velhos do Grupo Interventivo demonstraram melhor capacidade de evocar informação em relação aos mais jovens. Essa tendência não foi observada para o Grupo Controle.Conclusões: Para potencializar o desenvolvimento global de bebês, as intervenções deveriam ser organizadas implementando tarefas diversificadas com intervalos de aprendizagem apropriados, os quais levem em consideração a capacidade dos bebês de manterem a informação e integrarem essa informação a novos desafios.Palavras-chave: fisioterapia; desenvolvimento infantil; memória.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of a cognitive-motor intervention in the information integration and memory reactivation of babies.Methods: The participants were 40 babies, aged between six to eight months, born full term, adapted to day care centers and staying there for seven hours per day. In the day care center, the ratio caregiver/baby was 1/6. The patients belong to low income' large families and they did not participate in intervention programs. A cognitive-motor intervention was provided to the Intervention Group using visual tracking, toy manipulation and postural control activities. No intervention was provided to the Control Group. The day care routine activities were maintained for both groups. Three manipulation activities were assessed in the beginning of the program, after a month (retention) and three days after retention. Statistical analysis applied the chi-square with Yates correction, Fisher exact test and Cochran test.
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