This work describes how reactions of oxidative addition of N-C and C-H bonds are in competition in the PNP-ligated Rh and Ir complexes. Iridium appears to have a higher preference than Rh for the C-H activation over the N-C activation, and the Ir C-H activated complexes are more kinetically stable than their Rh analogues. A new generation of a diarylamido-based PNP pincer is presented, a "tied" PNP ligand 1c based on the iminodibenzyl substructure. This ligand is more definitively prearranged for binding to a metal center in a meridional, anionic PNP fashion. As a result, its N-C cleavage reactions (that lead to complexes of anionic PNP) are faster than for the "untied" ligands 1a,b. Structural evidence indicates that the "tied" anionic PNP pincer ligand is bulkier than the "untied" ligands when bearing the same substituents on the donor atoms because of the influence of the conformation of the pincer backbone. The "tied" pincer ligand also allows for the observation of the products of activation of the C-H bonds of the central N-CH 3 group, which are not detected with the "untied" ligands. The N-C oxidative addition reaction with "untied" ligands proceeds in the solid state as well as in solution. A remarkable result is reported where the solid-state N-C oxidative addition reaction displays superior selectivity to the solution reaction. The mechanistic studies are augmented by the investigations of the isotopically labeled ( 2 H and 13 C) ligands.

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"Obesity cardiomyopathy" effects have been widely described; however, the specific contribution of metabolic changes and altered adipokine secretion are still uncharacterized. Moreover, a diagnosis based on body mass index might not be the most accurate to identify increased adiposity and its outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of a Western-type diet [hypercaloric diet (HCD)] ingestion on biventricular structure and function, as well as the metabolic and endocrine changes that occur before the establishment of overt obesity. Wistar rats were fed for 6 wk with a regular diet or HCD. At the end of the protocol, metabolic tests, cardiac structure, and functional evaluation were performed, and blood and tissue samples collected to perform histological, molecular biology, and functional studies. The animals that ingested the HCD presented increased adiposity and larger adipocyte cross-sectional area, but similar body weight compared with the regular diet group. At the cardiac level, HCD induced biventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, increased stiffness, and impaired relaxation. Galectin-3 plasma expression was likewise elevated in the same animals. The nutritional modulation also altered the secretory pattern of the adipose tissue, originating a proinflammatory systemic environment. In this study, we observed that before "clinical" overweight or frank obesity is established, the ingestion of a HCD-induced cardiac remodeling manifests by increased biventricular stiffness and diastolic dysfunction. The mechanism triggering the cardiac alterations appears to be the proinflammatory environment promoted by the adipose tissue dysfunction. Furthermore, galectin-3, a profibrotic molecule, might be a potential biomarker for the myocardial alterations promoted by the HCD before overweight or obesity.

Rapid maxillary expansion resulted in a reduction in hearing loss, yearly rate of ENT infections and parentally assessed symptoms of upper airway obstruction, compared with no treatment. These findings are probably related to expanded oronasal space, due to rapid maxillary expansion.

wall was reconstructed by gluing one side of the TPFF to the reverse side of the preserved posterior meatal wall skin.Results: Mean time to complete epithelialization of the meatal skin in these 6 patients was shorter than that of 27 patients who underwent the meatal reconstruction using the free deep temporal fascia (26 days vs 37 days) statistically. No postoperative infection in operated ears occurred. CT scans performed 1 year after the surgery revealed that recovery of mastoid aeration was observed in 2 patients despite thorough removal of the mucosa in the mastoid cavity Conclusion: The TPFF can provide optimal blood supply to the middle ear and external meatal skin. It is possible that the TPFF works positively not only for quick epithelialization and prevention of postoperative infection, but also for recovery of mastoid aeration. Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common aneuploid disorder at birth. Phenotypic characteristics include general axial hypotonia and maxillary hypoplasia with relative macroglossia contributing to constricted maxillary arch and nasal obstruction. This prospective study assesses the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal permeability of DS children using acoustic rhinometry (AR) data. To our knowledge this is the first such study performed in a DS population. P036 Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Nasal Patency of the Down Syndrome Pediatric PopulationMethods: AR have been performed in 24 DS children aged between 5 and 12 years (who were randomly allocated to RME and control groups) prior to expansion (T0), immediately after maximum expansion (approximately 1 month) (T1) and after a 5-month period of retention (T2); the data between the 2 groups were compared.Results: On average, RME children showed a significant increase in the nasal volume from T0 to T1, which persisted through T2. A significant difference was noticed in the evolution of the minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) for RME children. Children in the control group did not show any significant improvement. The distance from the MCA does not show any significant difference with time in both groups. Nevertheless, in the RME group a noticeable change is observed, becoming more anterior, between T0 and T1, with almost no change at the last stage (T2); in contrast, results from the control group are not consistent with time.Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion produced a significant augmentation of nasal volume, P Ͻ 0.05, compared to the control group; these results were stable through the period of retention.

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While apelin/APJ myocardial expression decreases, apelin plasma levels increase in LV hypertrophy. Considering apelin's positive inotropic and vasodilator properties, this elevation in apelin plasma levels may represent a compensatory mechanism to maintain inotropism and cardiac output during pressure-overload or diabetic cardiomyopathy.