Background: Studying stroke rates in a whole community is a rational way to assess the quality of patient care and primary prevention. However, there are few studies of trends in stroke rates worldwide and none in Brazil. Objective: Established study methods were used to define the rates for first ever stroke in a defined population in Brazil compared with similar data obtained and published in 1995. Methods: All stroke cases occurring in the city of Joinville during 2005-2006 were prospectively ascertained. Crude incidence and mortality rates were determined, and age adjusted rates and 30 day case fatality were calculated and compared with the 1995 data. Results: Of the 1323 stroke cases registered, 759 were first ever strokes. The incidence rate per 100 000 was 105.4 (95% CI 98.0 to 113.2), mortality rate was 23.9 (95% CI 20.4 to 27.8) and the 30 day case fatality was 19.1%. Compared with the 1995 data, we found that the incidence had decreased by 27%, mortality decreased by 37% and the 30 day case fatality decreased by 28%. Conclusions: Using defined criteria we showed that in an industrial southern Brazilian city, stroke rates are similar to those from developed countries. A significant decrease in stroke rates over the past decade was also found, suggesting an improvement in primary prevention and inpatient care of stroke patients in Joinville.It is currently not clear if stroke rates are changing in different parts of the world. The incidence of total stroke in Latin American and Caribbean countries other than Brazil has been found to be between 135 and 151 per 100 000 population in well designed community based studies.1 Only three population based epidemiological studies have been carried out in Brazilian communities where the rates have ranged from 137 to 168 per 100 000 population.2-4 However, those studies were conducted in different decades and in distinct regions, which complicates the interpretation of trends in rates. There have been no comparative studies in which the same population base was analysed at two different time points.A recent study demonstrated a decrease in stroke mortality rates over the past two decades for all Brazilian regions, 5 but it is not clear if this is the result of a decreasing incidence or better health care and management of these patients.Our aim was to determine the incidence, mortality rates and case fatality of stroke in the city of Joinville and compare our results with a prospective, population based study on first ever stroke carried out in 1995 in the same city using similar methods. 3 METHODS Study populationIn the year 2000 census, the population of the city of Joinville was 429 604 inhabitants, and the projection for the year 2005 was 487 047 inhabitants. 6 The city has four general hospitals and one public institutional care facility, totalling 840 beds. All of the hospitals, with the exception of the public institutional care facility, have CT services available on a 24 h basis.
RESUMO -A carência de dados epidemiológicos e a impressão prévia de elevada incidência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) no Brasil criou o estímulo para estudo institucional prospectivo em Joinville. No período de 1-março-1995 a 1-março-1996, avaliamos o primeiro episódio e episódios recorrentes em AVC, incidência, mortalidade, taxa de fatalidade-caso em 30 dias (letalidade), freqüência de fatores de risco, tempo para admissão hospitalar e distribuição dos infartos cerebrais por subtipos patológicos. Registramos 429 pacientes no período, 320 destes com primeiro episódio. Tomografia de crânio foi realizada em 98% dos casos. A taxa de incidência anual ajustada por idade em primeiro episódio de AVC foi de 156/100000. A distribuição por diagnóstico foi: 73,4% para infarto cerebral, 18.4% para hemorragia cerebral e 7,5% para hemorragia subaracnóide. A taxa de mortalidade anual padronizada foi 25/100000. A letalidade foi 26%. Hipertensão, AVC prévio e diabetes foram os fatores de risco mais freqüentes. Somente 25% dos pacientes chegaram ao hospital nas primeiras três horas iniciais. Concluímos que a taxa de incidência em primeiro episódio de AVC em pacientes institucionalizados em Joinville, Brasil, é elevada. A taxa de mortalidade e letalidade são similares as de outras populações. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: doença cerebrovascular, acidente vascular cerebral, epidemiologia, incidência, etiologia, taxas de mortalidade.Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Joinville, Brazil: an institutional study ABSTRACT -The paucity of epidemiologic data, and the previous impression of high incidence of cerebrovascular disease in Brazil, made us elaborate a prospective institutional study in Joinville, Brazil, with the objective of identifying first and recurrent episodes in stroke. This study occurred from March 1995 to March 1996. We evaluated during the first episode of stroke: incidence, mortality and fatality-case rate (in 30 days letality), frequency of risk factor, time in hospital and distribution of cerebral infarcts by pathological subtypes. In this period, 429 patients with stroke were registered, 320 with the first episode. 98% of all the patients were submited to at least one computed tomography scanning. The episodes of cerebral infarcts were divided in pathological sub-types. Results showed that the annual incidence adjusted to the age of first stroke episode was 156/100000. The distribution by diagnosis was: 73.4% for cerebral infarct, 18.4% for cerebral hemorrhage and 7.5% for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The annual standard mortality rate was 25/100000. The fatality case global rate in 30 days was 26%. Hypertension, previous stroke and diabetes were the most frequent risk factors. Only 25% of the patients were assisted within three hours of the onset of stroke. We concluded that the incidence rate of first episode of stroke is high in institucionalized patients in Joinville, Brazil. The mortality and fatality-case rates are similar to the ones of other populations.
-Background and Purpose: To assess the impact of a stroke unit (SU) on acute phase treatment when compared to a conventional general ward treatment (GW). Method: Seventy-four patients with acute stroke were randomized between a SU and conventional general ward (GW). We compared both groups regarding the length of hospital stay, lethality and functional and clinical status within 6 months, using the Scandinavian scale and Barthel index. Results: Thirty-five and thirty-nine patients were allocated at SU and GW, respectively. Lethality on the 10th day at SU and GW achieved 8.5% and 12.8% respectively (p= 0.41), whereas 30-days mortality rates achieved 14.2% and 28.2% (p= 0.24), 17.4% and 28.7% on the 3rd month (p= 0.39), and 25.7% and 30.7% on the 6th month (p= 0.41). Thirty-day survival curve achieved 1.8 log rank (p= 0.17), with a trend for lower lethality in the SU. In order to save one death in 6 months in SU, NNT (the number need to treat) was 20; to get one more home independent patient NNT was 15. No significant difference was found between the length of hospital stay and morbidity. Conclusion: No significant benefit was found in SU patients compared to GW group. However,an evident benefit in absolute numbers was observed in lethality, survival curve and NNT in thirty days period after stroke. Further collaborative studies or incresead number of patients are required to define the role of SU.KEY WORDS: stroke unit, cerebrovascular disorders, stroke therapy, hospital units team, stroke care.Estudo comparativo dos desfechos entre uma unidade de A Estudo comparativo dos desfechos entre uma unidade de A Estudo comparativo dos desfechos entre uma unidade de A Estudo comparativo dos desfechos entre uma unidade de A Estudo comparativo dos desfechos entre uma unidade de AVC e uma enfermaria geral: estudo VC e uma enfermaria geral: estudo VC e uma enfermaria geral: estudo VC e uma enfermaria geral: estudo VC e uma enfermaria geral: estudo randomizado em Joinville, Brasil randomizado em Joinville, Brasil randomizado em Joinville, Brasil randomizado em Joinville, Brasil randomizado em Joinville, Brasil RESUMO -Objetivo: Avaliar se o tratamento da fase aguda em uma unidade de acidente vascular cerebral (U-AVC) reduz a morbi-mortalidade quando comparado a uma enfermaria geral. Método: Pacientes com AVC agudo foram randomizados entre a U-AVC e uma enfermaria geral (EG). Comparou-se tempo de internação, letalidade e dependência funcional e clínica no período de 6 meses. Resultados: Obtivemos 35 pacientes na U-AVC e 39 pacientes na EG. A letalidade encontrada na U-VAC e na EG foram respectivamente 8,5% e 12,8% no décimo dia (p=,41), 14,2% e 28,2% no trigésimo dia (p=,24), 17,4% e 28,7% no terceiro mês (p=,39) e 25,7% e 30,7% no sexto mês (p=,41). A curva de sobrevida em 30 dias evidenciou uma tendência de menor letalidade na U-AVC (log rank de 1,8; p=,17). O Numero Necessário para o Tratamento (NNT) para salvar um óbito em 6 meses na U-AVC foi 20 e o NNT para se conseguir um paciente a mais independente em casa foi...
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