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The technological changes that have occurred since the mid-1960s in Argentine agriculture -first the Green Revolution and then the Agribusiness Paradigmhave been conceptualized as revolutionary not only with regard to their productivity improvements but also because they brought with them a change of mentality. Based on two different business conceptions, during each period an agrarian elite led the 'revolutionary' process, offering a technological response as the means of guaranteeing agriculture's 'survival' after various crises. For each period, we can identify a correspondence between the status given to technology, the conception of business and the type of government regulation. This paper analyses how the proposition of a 'technological revolution' corresponds to the construction of the ideological leadership through which the agrarian bourgeoisie managed to orientate agrarian development.

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Drawing upon a case study located in central Argentina, we analyse in what ways technology is contributing to the accumulation of capital in a context where prevailing strategies resting on farm‐scale extension are no longer effective. We identify two major technological phases that go along with changes in actors' strategies aiming at re‐establishing expanded capital accumulation. These phases allow a better understanding of the mediating role of technology between capital accumulation and the appropriation of nature. In a context of increasing depletion of agro‐ecological conditions, the call for a new wave of innovations can be seen as an attempt to restore that mediating role. As we suggest, this entails broader changes in multiple levels.

Nous abordons les transformations qui traversent le paysage social rural argentin résultant d’un changement de modèle productif des années 1990. En se basant sur l’analyse de récits de vies, nous nous sommes intéressées à quelques traits centraux, matériels et symboliques, des processus liés à ces transformations : le rôle de la connaissance, la relation à la terre, les liens famille-exploitation.

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