Abstract. Patient Centered Design (PCD) is a particular type of User CenteredDesign (UCD) where the end-user is a patient that will use an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) solution for healthcare. It focuses on needs, wants and skills of the product's primary user and implies involving end-users in the decision-making and development process of the solution. e-Therapy aims to provide support to therapy sessions through ICT solutions. It has grown in the last years and in the mental health arena is being used for specific therapeutic contexts. It is an especially difficult environment due to specificities of the patients' conditions and where the physical access to patients is restricted and, sometimes, not even possible. Thus, a PCD approach can be accomplished through the health professionals involved, applying some of the most wellknown methods of UCD: interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and participatory design. eSchi is an e-Therapy tool that complements traditional practices for the cognitive rehabilitation and training of schizophrenic patients. It was successfully developed using a PCD approach.

The use of the Internet and social networks have increased dramatically during the COVID quarantine mainly because several activities were moved online. In education, numerous stakeholders stayed at home and their academic plans were modified and adapted to an entire virtual environment. This was the case of a live event (Science Café) whose purpose was to disseminate knowledge through Facebook and YouTube. Thus, this study aimed at verifying if there was knowledge construction in social networks through user interactions by using 1,083 comments posted by the audience. Comments were coded according to validated frameworks for language taxonomy and collaborative knowledge construction. Results show that the predominant interaction is that in which viewers pose questions to speakers. Our analyses also revealed that attendees hardly reached the highest levels of knowledge construction through unguided interaction. Often, user interactions went beyond emotional expressions towards evaluation and therefore, could reach a higher level of knowledge construction. This study shows that social networks may offer informal spaces for deliberation and collaborative interaction with the potential to support learning if guided properly. This research aims to contribute empirical evidence to the growing body of literature that online interactions in informal environments may provide productive learning.

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Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), characterized by recurrent periods of upper airway obstruction during sleep leading to increase in morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of OSA exceeds 50% in individuals with obesity and 10‐20% also develop hypercapnia and hypoventilation during sleep which characterizes obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). There is no effective pharmacotherapy for SDB. Leptin, an adipocyte derived hormone, can stimulate breathing and is a potential therapeutic candidate. However, diet‐induced obesity is associated with impairment of leptin transport across the blood‐brain barrier. Previous studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally derived from macrophages can penetrate the BBB and be used for drug delivery. The objective of this study was to determine if EVs overcome the BBB and treat SDB in DIO mice. Methods To examine the ability of EVs to cross the BBB, lean (n=5) and DIO (n=5) C57BL/6J mice were injected with fluorescent EVs or saline into the lateral tail vein. After 4h EV biodistribution was evaluated by Bioimaging and Infrared Spectroscopy (IVIS). Sleep studies were performed in a plethysmography chamber in a separate subgroup of male, DIO (n=10) and lean (n=10) mice. Mice received saline, empty exosomes, free leptin, or leptin‐loaded exosomes in a crossover manner. Similar design was used to determine energy expenditure in a Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS). Results We demonstrated that EVs accumulated in the brain and the transport across the BBB was 2‐times more efficient in DIO when compared to lean mice (p<0.005). In DIO mice, leptin EVs induced 1.7‐2.2‐fold increases in minute ventilation and 1.5‐2.0‐fold increases in maximal inspiratory flow during flow‐limited and non‐flow limited breaths (p<0.05). In contrast, free leptin had no effect. There was no effect of leptin EVs on metabolism. These findings suggest that leptin EVs mitigated upper airway obstruction and improved control of breathing in DIO mice. Lean mice did not present significant sleep disordered breathing and no differences were observed between groups. Conclusion We demonstrated that EVs overcome the BBB and that leptin loaded EVs treat SDB in DIO mice.

Considerando os direitos da pessoa com deficiência visual e a necessidade do ambiente se adaptar à diversidade de públicos, pretende-se compreender em que medida os centros de saúde de Portugal respondem às suas necessidades de comunicação e de interação no acesso aos cuidados de saúde primários. Os dados deste estudo, exploratório-descritivo, resultaram do preenchimento de um inquérito por questionário 124 pessoas com deficiência visual. Conclui-se que os centros de saúde não respondem às necessidades da maioria dos participantes, sendo as consequências deste facto a perda de autonomia, privacidade e informações importantes, para além de serem, também, percecionadas algumas barreiras que se prendem a questões interpessoais. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a importância de sensibilizar, por um lado, as pessoas com deficiência visual para a afirmação esclarecida dos seus direitos e por outro, os profissionais e organizações sobre o impacto da deficiência visual nas dimensões interpessoais e na autogestão das informações.Palavras-chave: Informação acessível. Comunicação acessível. Literacia em saúde. Cuidados de saúde primários. Pessoas com deficiência visual.Visually impaired people's outlook on primary health care informationABSTRACTConsidering the rights of people with visual impairment and the need for the environment to adapt to the diversity of people, it is intended to understand the extent to which health centres of Portugal respond to communication and interaction needs of people with visual impairment when they access to primary health care. The data collected in this exploratory-descriptive study resulted from a questionnaire survey, by 124 people with visual impairment. It is possible to conclude that health centers do not meet the needs of the majority of participants, and the consequences of this fact are the loss of autonomy, privacy and important information, besides also being perceived some barriers related to interpersonal issues. The results reinforce the importance of awareness of people with visual impairment to their rights and, on the other hand, professionals and organizations about the impact of visual impairment on interpersonal dimensions and self-management of information.Keywords: Accessible information. Accessible communication. Health literacy. Primary health care. Visually impaired people.

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