This article describes a short-term longitudinal study of the adjustment to custody of Canadian youth. It explores whether pre-existing and institutional vulnerabilities are independent predictors of custodial adjustment. Findings suggest that youth with many pre-existing vulnerabilities and high prison stress at entry into custody are more likely to experience initial adjustment difficulties. As youth spend more time in custody, their levels of pre-existing vulnerabilities remain important but perceived level of support and level of fear also emerge as important predictors of adjustment. Implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.
This article explored results from a study of 113 incarcerated male youths, who were age 12 to 15 at the time of their indexed offense. Using a widely used, normed measure of psychosocial functioning, the study examined the relationship between preexisting risk factors and/or institutional risk factors and adjustment in custody. Preexisting risk or vulnerability significantly predicted adjustment to custody, as did several risk factors within facilities (worry about victimization, perceiving victimization as likely, and experiencing conflicts with inmates as difficult). Risk factors associated with institutional life appeared to contribute to a young person’s adjustment beyond the risk factors a young person may walk into an institution with. One commonly used measure of institutional functioning, number of custodial rule infractions, did not appear to be a valid indicator of how a youth felt or adjusted to a facility. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Le concept de « masculinité hégémonique » est un outil utile pour comprendre et remettre en question les constructions culturelles étroites de la masculinité, la diversité des expériences de vie des hommes ainsi que les trajectoires de relations de pouvoir entre les hommes. Un principe important du concept est que les scriptes masculins sont souvent construits, maintenus et renégociés selon des réseaux sociaux particuliers dans des environnements spécifiques. Les études précédentes sur les effets des environnements carcéraux pour hommes se sont surtout concentrées sur les détenus adultes. Notre étude présente une analyse qualitative des expériences vécues par 350 jeunes hommes incarcérés au Canada. Nous explorons comment les comportements routiniers de subversion, d'affirmation de leur identité et de leur masculinité sont utilisés pour protester et donner un nouveau sens aux règlements et restrictions imposés par l'institution correctionnelle. Nous illustrons les différentes façons utilisées par ces jeunes pour résister à l'exercice du pouvoir, de la discipline et du control social formel. Nous examinons les façons selon lesquelles les scriptes masculins et les normes sous-culturelles se rencontrent pour générer les ressources psychologiques et les cadres d'action nécessaires pour résister activement à l'expérience de la captivité, des gardiens et de l'environnent correctionnel.
Mots clés : incarcération, jeunes, masculinitéThe concept of hegemonic masculinity is a useful tool for critiquing and understanding narrow cultural constructions of masculinity, the diversity of men's real experiences, and the trajectory of power relations among men. One important tenet of the concept is that masculinities are often constructed, maintained, and restructured according to particular social networks in a given environment. Research that has been conducted on the impact of masculine prison environments has tended to focus on traditional adult male prisons. This paper offers a qualitative account of the lived experiences of 350 incarcerated Canadian male youth. It explores how everyday minor acts of subversion, assertions of youthful identity, and masculinity are used to contest and recast the meanings, directions, and restrictions imposed by the 6 2010 CJCCJ/RCCJP
The central purpose of this study was to provide a platform for Indigenous young peoples’ opinions regarding the overrepresentation of Indigenous young people in the criminal justice system. Specifically, the study sought (a) their thoughts on broader issues that contribute to the overrepresentation of young people, and (b) strategies on how to reduce the overrepresentation of young people in the future. Results mirrored themes and findings from the research literature. However, the results are themes that are derived from the lived and observed experiences of Indigenous young people and the Anishinaabe, Haudenosaunee, and Métis communities.
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