The formation of solid-solutions of iodide, bromide, and chloride provides the means to control the structure, band gap, and stability of hybrid halide perovskite semiconductors for photovoltaic applications. We report a computational investigation of the CH3NH3PbI3/CH3NH3PbBr3 alloy from density functional theory with a thermodynamic analysis performed within the generalized quasi-chemical approximation. We construct the phase diagram and identify a large miscibility gap, with a critical temperature of 343 K. The observed photoinstability in some mixed-halide solar cells is explained by the thermodynamics of alloy formation, where an initially homogeneous solution is subject to spinodal decomposition with I and Br-rich phases, which is further complicated by a wide metastable region defined by the binodal line.

We present parameter-free calculations of electronic properties of InGaN, InAlN, and AlGaN alloys. The calculations are based on a generalized quasichemical approach, to account for disorder and composition effects, and first-principles calculations within the density functional theory with the LDA-1/2 approach, to accurately determine the band gaps. We provide precise results for AlGaN, InGaN, and AlInN band gaps for the entire range of compositions, and their respective bowing parameters.

Thermodynamic, structural, and electronic properties of wurtzite In x Ga 1−x N alloys are studied by combining first-principles total energy calculations with the generalized quasichemical approach, and compared to previous results for the zinc-blende structure. Results for bond-lengths, second-nearest-neighbors distances, and bowing parameter are presented. We observed that the wurtzite results are not significantly different from the ones obtained previously for the zinc-blende structure. The calculated phase diagram of the alloy shows a broad and asymmetric miscibility gap as in the zinc-blende case, with a similar range for the growth temperatures, although with a higher critical temperature. We found a value of 1.44 eV for the gap bowing parameter giving support to the recent smaller band gap bowing findings. We emphasize that other theoretical results may suffer from incomplete sets of atomic configurations to properly describe the alloy properties, and experimental findings. Moreover one must take into account a broad composition range in order to obtain reliable results.

The most common practice for disposal of dead bodies is inhumation in soil, which favours interactions with the surrounding environment and returns nutrients to the life cycle. However, when the burial ground is located where hydrogeological, geological and climatic conditions are not favourable to the process, contamination of soils and groundwater may occur, and decomposition may be inhibited, leading to social, economic and political problems. The most critical parameters when assessing the pollution potential of a burial ground are inhumation depth, geological formation, depth of the water table, density of inhumations, soil type and climate. Considering that, this paper presents an overview of the potential threat that cemeteries can pose, analysing and discussing the influence of the main variables causing environmental impacts and public health risks.

ABSTRACT:To represent the solution of a differential equation by an artificial neural network (ANN) was an idea introduced by Lagaris. Sugawara applied this concept to solve Schrödinger's equation for select systems. We have submitted their method to a new kind of application. Here, for the first time, the approach is applied to the equations derived from density functional theory (DFT). At first, we have tested the procedure for two simple systems: the double harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom. The ANN solutions obtained for these simple systems reproduced the analytical results easily. Next, we have moved to the Tomas-Fermi theory and the Kohn-Sham formulation of DFT. In order to show the feasibility of the ANN representation of electronic density, we have solved the Hooke model-atom and two light atoms: helium and lithium. The ANN results match well with the analytical solution to the Hooke model-atom and with the numerical solutions for helium and lithium.

The present study aimed to (1) identify the difficulties most frequently reported by individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the time of discharge from a sub-acute rehabilitation brain injury unit as well as difficulties reported by their relatives, (2) compare patients' and relatives' reports of patient difficulties, and (3) explore the role of injury severity, disability and other factors on subjective experience of difficulties. The primary measure was the European Brain Injury Questionnaire (EBIQ) administered to patients and to one of their close relatives at discharge. Results from 52 patients and 50 relatives indicate that the most frequent complaints in both groups related to somatic and cognitive problems. Relatives reported significantly more difficulties than patients on all subscales of the EBIQ. However, the level of complaints in both patients and relatives was low compared to other studies using the EBIQ. Furthermore, the effects of injury severity and general level of functioning had limited impact on the subjective experience of difficulties. Implications of these findings, specifically as they pertain to the sub-acute stage are discussed.

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There are three distinct classes of perovskite structured metal oxides, defined by the charge states of the cations: AIBVO3,AIIBIVO3, and AIIIBIIIO3. We investigated the stability of cubic quaternary solid solutions ABO3−A′B′O3 using a model of point-charge lattices. The mixing enthalpies were calculated and compared for the three possible types of combinations of the compounds, both for the random alloys and the ground-state-ordered configurations. The mixing enthalpy of the (I,V)O3-(III,III)O3 alloy is always larger than the other alloys. We found that, different from homovalent alloys, for these heterovalent alloys a lattice constant mismatch between the constituent compounds could contribute to stabilize the alloy. At low temperatures, the alloys present a tendency to spontaneous ordering, forming superlattices consisting of alternated layers of ABO3 and A′B′O3 along the [110] direction