Treatment requirements for waste sludges generated by petroleum refinery operations and designated as waste codes K04i3, K049, K050, KO51 and KO52 under

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Water use in the pulp and paper industry is very significant, and the U.S. pulp and paper industries as well as other processing industries are actively pursuing water conservation and pollution prevention by in-process recycling of water. Bleach plant effluent is a large portion of the water discharged from a typical bleached kraft pulp mill. The recycling of bleach plant effluents to the kraft recovery cycle is widely regarded as an approach to low effluent bleached kraft pulp production. The focus of this work has been on developing an electrodialysis process for recycling the acidic bleach plant effluent of bleached Kraft pulp mills. Electrodialysis is uniquely suited as a selective kidney to remove non-process elements (NPEs) from bleach plant effluent before they reach the chemical recovery cycle. Using electrodialysis for selective NPE removal can prevent the problems caused by accumulation of inorganic NPEs in the pulping cycle and recovery boiler.

The treatment of water-reactive solid waste chemicals which generate corrosive products poses unique problems of feeding and reactor design. These problems have been addressed on a bench-scale and the design of a unit suitable for hazardous waste has been developed. The water-reactive material used was powdered titanium trichloride which was reacted with water (and oxygen) to give titanium dioxide and hydrochloric acid. The acid was neutralized by an alkaline scrubbing media.