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Many ancient deformation belts, especially of Archean and Palaeoproterozoic age, show large areas marked by primary flat-lying fabrics associated with rather monotonous metamorphic conditions of HTLP type and affected by steep transpressive zones involving vertical stretch. These features do not support strain localization along large-scale thrusts and (or) extensional detachments, as common in modern orogens. Instead, they are consistent with hot and weak lithospheres where gravity-driven horizontal flow may compete with distri-buted thickening from early stages of collisional processes. Relevant deformation features are reviewed and highlighted by lithosphere-scale analogue models involving low-viscosity lower crust and sub-Moho mantle. Both nature and models argue that compression of such lithospheres may induce combined distributed thickening and lateral channel flow of the ductile crust accommodated by transpressive zones.

In an effort to quantify the time parameter in the tectonomagmatic evolution of what has been called the Southern Svecofennian Arc Complex (SSAC) of SW Finland, advanced radiometric dating techniques have here been applied to rock groups of key importance in that area. In this paper we report the results of 131 high-resolution ion microprobe spot analyses (SIMS) of zircons, and 33 measurements using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) on zircon, monazite and titanite,and employing both large-sample multi-grain as well as single-grain techniques.The To rsholma area of the Åland archipelago,situated between southern Finland and central Sweden, is a key structural area significant to resolve the time dimension in Svecofennian tectonics.There a collage of imbricated rock slabs was formed by tectonic shortening representing the culmination of large-scale penetrative Svecofennian deformation. Another structurally significant feature investigated is the South Finland Shear Zone (SFSZ) that transects the southwest-Finnish archipelago and further east follows the southern coast of Finland.This shear zone forms the southern limit of the c. 1830 Ma Late Svecofennian Granite and Migmatite Zone (LSGM) and also features deformations of a later stage when the considered region of Svecofennian crust was consolidated.The obtained age results and theirt ectonic analysis can be summarized as follows. The Enklinge volcanic sequence (1885±6 Ma) is within error limits coeval with the intrusion of abundant early-kinematic gneissose granodiorites whose average age of 1884±5 Ma marks the formation of new crust in this region.Some of these geisses contain a significant amount of 2000-2080 Ma zircon. Although many Svecofennian granitoids are known to contain heterogeneous zircon populations, mainly formed c. 1890 Ma ago but also containing an inherited component, the Kökar gneiss is, to the best of our knowledge,the first case where inheritance from c. 2030 Ma sources has been unequivocally demonstrated in a syntectonic Svecofennian intrusive rock.At To rsholma,granodiorites (1879±6 Ma) have similarly intruded the supracrustal series, but there they were later metamorphosed into granulite orthogneisses.The mesoscopic recumbent folds and subhorizontals chistosityo ft heseg neisses were transected by a set of steep amphibolitic dykes indicating an episode of extension. During a preceding stage,these gneisses had been sandwiched like an allochthonous slab unit between the supracrustal rocks. Yo unger sheet-like granodioritic intrusions (1861±19 Ma) with associated dykes (1865±7 Ma) reflect an even later stage of collisional thrusting. Altogether this tectonic evolution lasted for approximately 15 Ma (c. 1875-1860 and records a period of significant deformations during the Svecofennian orogeny. Monazites and zircon rims yield concordant U-Pb ages of c. 1830 Ma.This is in agreement with previously obtained ages of late Svecofennian granites and migmatites in the LSGM zone in S Finland.Weaklyd eformed pegmatites and even-grained granit...

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Late stages of the Svecofennian orogeny in SW Finland were related to a tranpressional stress field and dextral movements along crustal scale shear zones under decreasing temperature and pressure conditions. In the Kemiö area, a minimum estimate for the time span of movements along one of these shear zones is obtained from the ages of 1840 to 1830 Myr‐old microcline granite sheets, related to early ductile deformation, and by dating structurally late rare‐mineral granite pegmatites, related to brittle deformation. One pegmatite was emplaced when the rheological conditions in the gabbro changed from ductile to semi‐ductile and brittle. It has U‐Pb ferrotapiolite ages ranging between 1807.0 ± 2.9 Myr (2 s̀) and 1803.1 + 2.9/ ‐2.0 Myr (2 s̀). Another pegmatite emplaced under brittle conditions has an U‐Pb ferrotapiolite age of 1802.9 ± 1.3 Myr (2 s̀). These pegmatites were emplaced preferentially in gabbroic rocks, that showed brittle to semi‐ductile deformation at a time when their more felsic host‐rocks still showed ductile deformation. The age range bracketed by the microcline granite sheets and the structurally late pegmatites indicates that ductile deformation related to the transpressional Late Svecofennian tectonic regime in southwestern Finland, persisted for at least 30–40 Myr.

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