Abstract•The study aimed at clarifying basic life traits (fecundity, mortality and development) of Monochamus galloprovincialis, the vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of the Pine Wilt Disease, in Portugal.• Mating and oviposition experiments were conducted on P. sylvestris logs under laboratory conditions during two years. Larval development was followed outdoors.• Fecundity was high, with 138.2 eggs per female.• For the first time, the number of larval instars (4) in M. galloprovincialis was recognized and instars were described.• Informations are provided on the shape and size of the larval galleries. Boring of galleries in sapwood and heartwood started at the third instar. All instars could overwinter but adults emerged simultaneously resulting in a univoltine life cycle for the majority of the individuals.• An obligatory diapause in the forth instar was assumed. However, 8.1% of the insects had a two year development.• Important differences in mortality were noted between the two experimental years, which could be explained by differences on the size of the breeding logs.• There is a high biological proximity between M. galloprovincialis populations in France and those in Portugal and Northern Europe. However, a higher fecundity and longevity was observed in France, as well as a higher percentage of insects with a two year development, compared with portuguese populations.
Mots-clés :Monochamus galloprovincialis / biologie / fecundité / stades larvaires / mortalité / élevage Résumé -Fécondité et développement larvaire de Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) en élevage.• L'objectif de l'étude était de clarifier certaines caractéristique de base -fécondité, mortalité, déve-loppement) de Monochamus galloprovincialis, le vecteur de Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, agent du dépérissement des pins au Portugal.• Durant deux ans, des expériences d'accouplement et de ponte ont été conduites sur rondins de P. sylvestris au laboratoire. Le développement larvaire a été suivi en extérieur.• La fécondité a été élevée, avec 138.2 oeufs par femelle.• Pour la première fois chez M. galloprovincialis, le nombre de stades larvaires (4) de M. galloprovincialis a été défini et ceux-ci ont été décrits.• Des informations sont fournies sur la forme et la taille des galleries larvaires. Le forage des galeries dans l'aubier et le bois de coeur commence au troisième stade. Tous les stades peuvent hiverner mais les adultes émergent simultanément, ce qui conduit à un cycle annuel pour la plupart des individus.• Une diapause obligatoire intervient au quatrième stade. Cependant, 8.1 % des insectes ont un déve-loppement sur deux ans.• Des différences importantes ont été notes entre les deux années d'étude. Elles pourraient s'expliquer par la taille différente des rondins d'élevage.
This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
Understanding insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes is of major interest because they are the main target of several insecticides. In this study, we have cloned a cockroach Pameα7 subunit that encodes a 518 amino acid protein with futures typical of nAChR subunit, and sequence homology to α7 subunit. Pameα7 is differently expressed in the cockroach nervous system, in particular in the antennal lobes, optical lobes and the mushroom bodies where specific expression was found in the non-compact Kenyon cells. In addition, we found that cockroach Pameα7 subunits expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes can assemble to form homomeric receptors. Electrophysiological recordings using the two-electrode voltage clamp method demonstrated that nicotine induced an I max current of −92 ± 27 nA at 1 mM. Despite that currents are low with the endogenous ligand, ACh, this study provides information on the first expression of cockroach α7 homomeric receptor.
-As a consequence of the recent introduction of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal, nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus were looked for in various French pine forests, in trees attacked by Monochamus galloprovincialis, the vector insect of B. xylophilus, and in the insects themselves. Trap trees were felled in 12 localities distributed all over the country. Nematodes were extracted from transversal stem discs; insects emerging from the trap trees were studied.
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