This paper provides insights into a new landslide hazards project which is part of a national research program on safe and sustainable transport in Germany funded by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI). Here we report on a work in progress and present selected results of a pilot study conducted prior to the launch of the research program in 2016. The main goal of the landslide hazards project is to assess the future landslide hazard potential for the federal transport system under the influence of climate change. A federal road-related pilot study with focus on developing an approach to this type of hazard assessment was a first step in this direction. The developed approach is based upon a Geographic Information System (GIS) as mapping tool to combine a landslide susceptibility map with spatial datasets of regional climate change projections. Here we present the basic framework of this approach only, and provide information on landslide activity and climate change. This information refers to findings from three example landslide sites in Germany. The purpose of this paper is to introduce these landslide projects of German transport research against the backdrop of the existing national strategy of climate change adaptation.
<p>Humankind is currently experiencing changes in the climate system and more changes are projected to occur in the next decades. For the transport sector, it is not only important to contribute to the mitigation of climate change in order to limit climatic changes to a manageable level, but also to manage unavoidable changes and related impacts on infrastructure and mobility by adapting transport infrastructure assets and services to the new conditions in which they will operate. The challenge of providing a climate resilient transport system is taken up by the BMDV Network of Experts &#8211; a research network of seven Federal Agencies under the German Federal Ministry of Digital and Transportation (BMDV).</p><p>Transport infrastructures and traffic flows along the federal roads, railways and inland waterways vulnerable to climate changes today and in future are to be identified. This is done using specific impact models as well as climate indices that serve as proxies for expected damages. These climate change impact analyses are done based on common data sets, scenario assumptions and assessment methods that allow for a comparable assessment over all modes of transport. Climate impacts that are studied within the BMDV Network of Experts are storms&#8213;windthrow, heavy precipitation&#8213;flash floods, erosion and landslides, enduring precipitation&#8213;flooding, drought&#8213;low flows and embankment fires, and sea level rise&#8213;tidal dynamics. Exemplarily, adaptation measures are developed in order to increase the climate resilience of the transport modes.</p><p>The research network has a strong practical orientation; the demands and questions of the infrastructure operators are integrated in the conception of research questions. The data, methods and results obtained by the research program BMDV Network of Experts are included in the operational services within the DAS core service &#8220;climate and water&#8221; (https://www.das-basisdienst.de/) that was established in 2020. These services support the climate change adaptation of transport and mobility in Germany, while many of the specific data, methods and analysis tools are also relevant for other fields of action like water management, coastal protection, construction engineering or the energy sector. The ongoing close dialogue between science, policy and practice is thereby of great importance in order to provide useful and targeted services.</p>
<p>Eine Forschungsinfrastruktur in der Wetter- und Klimaforschung ist das BMVI-Expertenwerk, in welchem sich sieben Bundesoberbeh&#246;rden aus dem Ressort des BMVIs in einem Forschungsnetzwerk zusammengeschlossen haben, um gemeinsam die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und die Folgen von extremen Wetterereignissen auf den Verkehrssektor zu untersuchen.</p> <p>Die Forschungen haben das Ziel Verkehre und Infrastrukturen der Bundesfernstra&#223;en, Bundeswasserstra&#223;en und des Bundesschienennetzes zu identifizieren, die heute und zuk&#252;nftig negativ von &#196;nderungen klimatischer Randbedingungen betroffen sind. Dazu nutzt das Netzwerk f&#252;r alle Verkehrstr&#228;ger einheitliche Datengrundlagen, Szenarienannahmen sowie Auswertemethoden und entwickelt (Impakt)-Modelle, um Wirkungszusammenh&#228;nge zwischen Klimawandel und Betroffenheit der Verkehrsinfrastruktur zu bewerten. Zu den untersuchten Klimawirkungen z&#228;hlen u.a. die Themen Sturm/Sturmwurf, Starkregen/Sturzfluten, Hochwasser, Niedrigwasser, Trockenheit/B&#246;schungsbr&#228;nde, Erosion, Massenbewegungen und Meeresspiegelanstieg/Tidedynamik. Dar&#252;ber hinaus werden Anpassungsma&#223;nahmen entwickelt, um die Resilienz der Verkehrstr&#228;ger gegen&#252;ber dem Klimawandel zu erh&#246;hen.</p> <p>Die Forschungen sind sehr praxisnah ausgelegt, d.h. Bedarfe der Infrastrukturbetreibenden (z.&#160;B. Deutsche Bahn) flie&#223;en in die Konzeption von Forschungsfragen ein und entwickelte Produkte werden wiederum &#252;ber operationelle Dienste (DAS-Basisdienst &#8222;Klima und Wasser&#8220;) oder auf direktem Wege den Betreibenden zur Verf&#252;gung gestellt.</p> <p>Das BMVI-Netzwerk vereinigt die Expertisen der Beh&#246;rden Bundesamt f&#252;r G&#252;terverkehr (BAG), Bundesanstalt f&#252;r Stra&#223;enwesen (BASt), Bundesanstalt f&#252;r Wasserbau (BAW), Bundesanstalt f&#252;r Gew&#228;sserkunde (BfG), Bundesamt f&#252;r Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH), Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) und des Deutsche Zentrums f&#252;r Schienenverkehrsforschung beim Eisenbahn-Bundesamt (DZSF/EBA). Den politischen Rahmen in Deutschland zur Anpassung des Verkehrssektors an den Klimawandel setzt die Deutsche Anpassungsstrategie (DAS) und das DAS-Handlungsfeld &#8222;Verkehr und Verkehrsinfrastruktur&#8220;.</p>
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