Escape extinction has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for children exhibiting food refusal. To date, most studies have been conducted in inpatient treatment settings by trained clinicians. Few studies have evaluated the extent to which caregivers are able to implement efficacious interventions in their home for their food-selective child. This study evaluated a systematic strategy for training caregivers to implement escape extinction. A modified changing-criterion design was used to evaluate a clinic-based training procedure consisting of escape extinction and differential reinforcement. After participants met prespecified criteria with regard to the number of bites accepted and latency until acceptance, caregivers were taught to implement the procedure in the clinic. After criteria were met with caregivers feeding their children, caregivers were taught to implement the procedure during meals conducted at their home. Follow-up data conducted for three participants indicated that generalization across time and food types had occurred.
The analog functional analysis exerts a great deal of control over environmental variables due to the systematic manipulation of specific antecedent and consequent events. Previous research suggests that the treatment utility of the analog might be enhanced by including environmental variables specific to the participant (e.g., caregivers). An alternative to this is to conduct the functional assessment in the natural environment. The structured descriptive assessment (SDA) involves systematic manipulation of antecedent events but is conducted by caregivers in individuals' natural environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment utility of the analog functional analysis and the SDA by comparing results of the analog functional analysis when conducted by experimenters versus caregivers to results obtained from the SDA. Additionally, consequence-based interventions based on the results of each assessment were evaluated. Four participants with developmental disabilities and their caregivers participated. For all four participants, different patterns of responding were observed across all three assessments. For all participants, the interventions based on the results of the SDA were more effective than interventions based on the analog functional analysis.
The analog functional analysis involves the manipulation of pre-determined antecedent and consequent events and typically is conducted by trained experimenters. Inclusion of idiosyncratic variables in the analog functional analysis may affect responding. Inclusion of caregivers is one potential antecedent that may affect problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of including caregivers in the analog. Four individuals with developmental disabilities and their caregivers served as participants. For 3 of 4 participants, different patterns of responding were observed when caregivers versus experimenters conducted the functional analysis.
To date, only a limited number of studies have focused on functional assessment with typically developing populations. The most commonly reported method of functional assessment with this population seems to be descriptive assessment; however, the methods used in the descriptive assessment often are unclear. This is unfortunate as researchers and practitioners often are left with little guidance as to how to conduct a functional assessment with typically developing children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the structured descriptive assessment (SDA) might be used with typically developing children. Four children with problem behavior participated in the study, and hypotheses about functional relations were developed for all children. Furthermore, efficacious interventions were developed and implemented for 2 children based on the results of the SDA.
The analog functional analysis exerts a great deal of control over environmental variables due to the systematic manipulation of specific antecedent and consequent events. Previous research suggests that the treatment utility of the analog might be enhanced by including environmental variables specific to the participant (e.g., caregivers). An alternative to this is to conduct the functional assessment in the natural environment. The structured descriptive assessment (SDA) involves systematic manipulation of antecedent events but is conducted by caregivers in individuals' natural environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment utility of the analog functional analysis and the SDA by comparing results of the analog functional analysis when conducted by experimenters versus caregivers to results obtained from the SDA. Additionally, consequence-based interventions based on the results of each assessment were evaluated. Four participants with developmental disabilities and their caregivers participated. For all four participants, different patterns of responding were observed across all three assessments. For all participants, the interventions based on the results of the SDA were more effective than interventions based on the analog functional analysis.
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